Influence of Trichoderma harzianum on growth, yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown under a hydroponic system
Lettuce is a valuable source of iron, vitamins, fiber, and phenolic compounds with health benefits. Enhancing its yield while preserving these compounds is essential for improving its nutritional value. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the optimal stage for Trichoderma harzianum...
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2025-06-01
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| Series: | Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca |
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| Online Access: | https://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/14516 |
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| author | Lujain ALZYOUD Yahia A. OTHMAN Kholoud M. ALANANBEH Jamal AYAD Farah M. AL-AMIR |
| author_facet | Lujain ALZYOUD Yahia A. OTHMAN Kholoud M. ALANANBEH Jamal AYAD Farah M. AL-AMIR |
| author_sort | Lujain ALZYOUD |
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Lettuce is a valuable source of iron, vitamins, fiber, and phenolic compounds with health benefits. Enhancing its yield while preserving these compounds is essential for improving its nutritional value. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the optimal stage for Trichoderma harzianum inoculation (germination vs. seedling) and (2) evaluate its impact on growth, yield, and quality traits of lettuce cultivars grown under a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic system. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted using one Romane cultivar (‘Nebrase’) and two Iceberg cultivars (‘Lolo-Rossa’ and ‘Lolo-Bionda’). The results showed that the three inoculation approaches of T. harzianum; at the seed stage, transplant stage (by adding T. harzianum solution to the root system) or directly adding T. harzianum spores to the nutrient solution produced comparable effects on shoot and root growth. In the NFT system, results from the winter cycle (16-24 oC), showed no significant differences, as the conditions were non-stressful. However, during the summer cycle (28-35°C), which imposed heat stress, all cultivars inoculated at the seed stage exhibited significantly higher chlorophyll content (192 vs. 162 µmol m-2), shoot fresh weight (134 vs. 91 g), leaf area (1170 vs. 840 cm2), root fresh weight (25 vs. 12 g), and leaf number (30 vs. 24) compared to the non-inoculated control. These findings suggest that Trichoderma enhances lettuce resilience under heat stress conditions. In terms of cultivars, the Iceberg type ‘Lolo-Rossa’ consistently showed higher or comparable concentrations of total phenols (112-208 mg 100 g-1), flavonoids (251-505 mg 100 g-1), and antioxidant activity (38-46%) compared to the Romaine type ’Nebras’. Conversely, the Romaine type exhibited higher shoot and root biomass and larger leaf area. These findings highlight that T. harzianum inoculation, particularly at the seed stage, enhances heat stress tolerance and improves both yield and quality traits in hydroponically grown lettuce.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0b0136f894054234af3e350e4e9fa4d2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0255-965X 1842-4309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| series | Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca |
| spelling | doaj-art-0b0136f894054234af3e350e4e9fa4d22025-08-20T02:43:50ZengAcademicPresNotulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca0255-965X1842-43092025-06-0153210.15835/nbha53214516Influence of Trichoderma harzianum on growth, yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown under a hydroponic systemLujain ALZYOUD0Yahia A. OTHMAN1Kholoud M. ALANANBEH2Jamal AYAD3Farah M. AL-AMIR4The University of Jordan, School of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Amman 11942The University of Jordan, School of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Amman 11942The University of Jordan, School of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Amman 11942, JordanThe University of Jordan, School of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Amman 11942The University of Jordan, School of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Amman 11942, Jordan Lettuce is a valuable source of iron, vitamins, fiber, and phenolic compounds with health benefits. Enhancing its yield while preserving these compounds is essential for improving its nutritional value. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the optimal stage for Trichoderma harzianum inoculation (germination vs. seedling) and (2) evaluate its impact on growth, yield, and quality traits of lettuce cultivars grown under a Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) hydroponic system. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted using one Romane cultivar (‘Nebrase’) and two Iceberg cultivars (‘Lolo-Rossa’ and ‘Lolo-Bionda’). The results showed that the three inoculation approaches of T. harzianum; at the seed stage, transplant stage (by adding T. harzianum solution to the root system) or directly adding T. harzianum spores to the nutrient solution produced comparable effects on shoot and root growth. In the NFT system, results from the winter cycle (16-24 oC), showed no significant differences, as the conditions were non-stressful. However, during the summer cycle (28-35°C), which imposed heat stress, all cultivars inoculated at the seed stage exhibited significantly higher chlorophyll content (192 vs. 162 µmol m-2), shoot fresh weight (134 vs. 91 g), leaf area (1170 vs. 840 cm2), root fresh weight (25 vs. 12 g), and leaf number (30 vs. 24) compared to the non-inoculated control. These findings suggest that Trichoderma enhances lettuce resilience under heat stress conditions. In terms of cultivars, the Iceberg type ‘Lolo-Rossa’ consistently showed higher or comparable concentrations of total phenols (112-208 mg 100 g-1), flavonoids (251-505 mg 100 g-1), and antioxidant activity (38-46%) compared to the Romaine type ’Nebras’. Conversely, the Romaine type exhibited higher shoot and root biomass and larger leaf area. These findings highlight that T. harzianum inoculation, particularly at the seed stage, enhances heat stress tolerance and improves both yield and quality traits in hydroponically grown lettuce. https://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/14516flavonoidsNFTsoilless culturestressphenolic compounds |
| spellingShingle | Lujain ALZYOUD Yahia A. OTHMAN Kholoud M. ALANANBEH Jamal AYAD Farah M. AL-AMIR Influence of Trichoderma harzianum on growth, yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown under a hydroponic system Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca flavonoids NFT soilless culture stress phenolic compounds |
| title | Influence of Trichoderma harzianum on growth, yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown under a hydroponic system |
| title_full | Influence of Trichoderma harzianum on growth, yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown under a hydroponic system |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Trichoderma harzianum on growth, yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown under a hydroponic system |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Trichoderma harzianum on growth, yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown under a hydroponic system |
| title_short | Influence of Trichoderma harzianum on growth, yield and quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown under a hydroponic system |
| title_sort | influence of trichoderma harzianum on growth yield and quality of lettuce lactuca sativa grown under a hydroponic system |
| topic | flavonoids NFT soilless culture stress phenolic compounds |
| url | https://www.notulaebotanicae.ro/index.php/nbha/article/view/14516 |
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