On the influence of geometrical parameters and erosive wear on the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbine runners

Hydro-abrasive erosion and material fatigue are amongst the main challenges for Pelton turbines. Erosive wear caused by sediment-laden water, significantly impacts turbine efficiency, time between overhaul and service life. While surface coatings and operational adjustments, like shutdowns during hi...

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Main Authors: Maxime Chiarelli, David F. Vetsch, Robert M. Boes, Loïc Andolfatto, Cécile Münch-Alligné
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025017098
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author Maxime Chiarelli
David F. Vetsch
Robert M. Boes
Loïc Andolfatto
Cécile Münch-Alligné
author_facet Maxime Chiarelli
David F. Vetsch
Robert M. Boes
Loïc Andolfatto
Cécile Münch-Alligné
author_sort Maxime Chiarelli
collection DOAJ
description Hydro-abrasive erosion and material fatigue are amongst the main challenges for Pelton turbines. Erosive wear caused by sediment-laden water, significantly impacts turbine efficiency, time between overhaul and service life. While surface coatings and operational adjustments, like shutdowns during high sediment concentration events, offer some mitigation, damage assessment still relies on visual inspections and associated downtime. This study aims to understand the dynamic behaviour of a prototype Pelton runner by examining the influence of boundary conditions as well as the hub and bucket designs on the runner's vibration modes. Additionally, four erosion scenarios are investigated through numerical modal simulations on a single bucket geometry, by removing material from specific erosion-affected locations. The results indicate a weak correlation between main splitter erosion and frequency shifts for all modes. The most realistic erosion scenario, which includes the erosion of a large surface in the bucket intrados, reveals the balanced effect of mass loss and stiffness reduction resulting from material removal. Consequently, most vibration modes remain unaffected by this realistic scenario, except two modes which show significant frequency shifts. These findings enhance the understanding of the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbines. Moreover, understanding the impact of common wear on Pelton runners is crucial for developing advanced vibration-based monitoring tools that would enhance turbine safety and minimize downtime.
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spelling doaj-art-0b0033e3360c43dba31193c39f7cc0bf2025-08-20T02:10:02ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710563810.1016/j.rineng.2025.105638On the influence of geometrical parameters and erosive wear on the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbine runnersMaxime Chiarelli0David F. Vetsch1Robert M. Boes2Loïc Andolfatto3Cécile Münch-Alligné4Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 26, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Route de l'Industrie 23, Sion, 1950, Valais, Switzerland; Corresponding author.Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 26, CH-8093, Zurich, SwitzerlandLaboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), ETH Zurich, Hönggerbergring 26, CH-8093, Zurich, SwitzerlandAndritz Hydro SA, Rue des Deux Gares 6, CH-1800, Vevey, SwitzerlandInstitute of Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Route de l'Industrie 23, Sion, 1950, Valais, SwitzerlandHydro-abrasive erosion and material fatigue are amongst the main challenges for Pelton turbines. Erosive wear caused by sediment-laden water, significantly impacts turbine efficiency, time between overhaul and service life. While surface coatings and operational adjustments, like shutdowns during high sediment concentration events, offer some mitigation, damage assessment still relies on visual inspections and associated downtime. This study aims to understand the dynamic behaviour of a prototype Pelton runner by examining the influence of boundary conditions as well as the hub and bucket designs on the runner's vibration modes. Additionally, four erosion scenarios are investigated through numerical modal simulations on a single bucket geometry, by removing material from specific erosion-affected locations. The results indicate a weak correlation between main splitter erosion and frequency shifts for all modes. The most realistic erosion scenario, which includes the erosion of a large surface in the bucket intrados, reveals the balanced effect of mass loss and stiffness reduction resulting from material removal. Consequently, most vibration modes remain unaffected by this realistic scenario, except two modes which show significant frequency shifts. These findings enhance the understanding of the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbines. Moreover, understanding the impact of common wear on Pelton runners is crucial for developing advanced vibration-based monitoring tools that would enhance turbine safety and minimize downtime.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025017098Pelton turbineDynamic behaviourModal analysisCyclic symmetryVibration modeHydro-abrasive wear
spellingShingle Maxime Chiarelli
David F. Vetsch
Robert M. Boes
Loïc Andolfatto
Cécile Münch-Alligné
On the influence of geometrical parameters and erosive wear on the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbine runners
Results in Engineering
Pelton turbine
Dynamic behaviour
Modal analysis
Cyclic symmetry
Vibration mode
Hydro-abrasive wear
title On the influence of geometrical parameters and erosive wear on the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbine runners
title_full On the influence of geometrical parameters and erosive wear on the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbine runners
title_fullStr On the influence of geometrical parameters and erosive wear on the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbine runners
title_full_unstemmed On the influence of geometrical parameters and erosive wear on the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbine runners
title_short On the influence of geometrical parameters and erosive wear on the dynamic behaviour of Pelton turbine runners
title_sort on the influence of geometrical parameters and erosive wear on the dynamic behaviour of pelton turbine runners
topic Pelton turbine
Dynamic behaviour
Modal analysis
Cyclic symmetry
Vibration mode
Hydro-abrasive wear
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025017098
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