Synthetic micropollutants in the water supply infrastructure of the City of Krakow, Poland
The paper analyzes both raw and drinking water for the presence of synthetic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), endocrine active compounds (EDC), i.e. 17ß-estradiol, bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol. A series of tests for the presence of PFAS, EDC, were performed at four water treatment plants...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Desalination and Water Treatment |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002139 |
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| author | Monika Ochmańska Małgorzata Cimochowicz-Rybicka Dominika Łomińska-Płatek Tadeusz Bochnia |
| author_facet | Monika Ochmańska Małgorzata Cimochowicz-Rybicka Dominika Łomińska-Płatek Tadeusz Bochnia |
| author_sort | Monika Ochmańska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper analyzes both raw and drinking water for the presence of synthetic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), endocrine active compounds (EDC), i.e. 17ß-estradiol, bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol. A series of tests for the presence of PFAS, EDC, were performed at four water treatment plants in Krakow. The total concentration of all fluoroalkyl compounds was below the parametric value of 0.1 μg/l. There was also no positive response for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC). Samples from water intake basins were analyzed for the presence of selected PFAS and EDC. The tests will be continued at three-month intervals to capture any changes in water parameters as well as a possible risk of higher concentrations occurring during hydrological drought. The results obtained for all samples did not show exceedances of concentration in accordance with the Water Directive of 2020 for PFAS and EDC. It should be remembered that the compounds such as PFAS and EDC, despite of their low concentrations, may pose a threat to human health and life, and therefore testing for micropollutants has not only an environmental, but also a health and socio-economic aspect. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0afa9de1664e400ca32c64b39db11b70 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1944-3986 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Desalination and Water Treatment |
| spelling | doaj-art-0afa9de1664e400ca32c64b39db11b702025-08-20T03:07:51ZengElsevierDesalination and Water Treatment1944-39862025-04-0132210119710.1016/j.dwt.2025.101197Synthetic micropollutants in the water supply infrastructure of the City of Krakow, PolandMonika Ochmańska0Małgorzata Cimochowicz-Rybicka1Dominika Łomińska-Płatek2Tadeusz Bochnia3Doctoral School of the Cracow University of Technology, Poland; Krakow Water, PolandCracow University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Poland; Corresponding author.Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, PolandKrakow Water, PolandThe paper analyzes both raw and drinking water for the presence of synthetic per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), endocrine active compounds (EDC), i.e. 17ß-estradiol, bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol. A series of tests for the presence of PFAS, EDC, were performed at four water treatment plants in Krakow. The total concentration of all fluoroalkyl compounds was below the parametric value of 0.1 μg/l. There was also no positive response for endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC). Samples from water intake basins were analyzed for the presence of selected PFAS and EDC. The tests will be continued at three-month intervals to capture any changes in water parameters as well as a possible risk of higher concentrations occurring during hydrological drought. The results obtained for all samples did not show exceedances of concentration in accordance with the Water Directive of 2020 for PFAS and EDC. It should be remembered that the compounds such as PFAS and EDC, despite of their low concentrations, may pose a threat to human health and life, and therefore testing for micropollutants has not only an environmental, but also a health and socio-economic aspect.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002139PFASEDCsRaw waterDrinking waterWater safety |
| spellingShingle | Monika Ochmańska Małgorzata Cimochowicz-Rybicka Dominika Łomińska-Płatek Tadeusz Bochnia Synthetic micropollutants in the water supply infrastructure of the City of Krakow, Poland Desalination and Water Treatment PFAS EDCs Raw water Drinking water Water safety |
| title | Synthetic micropollutants in the water supply infrastructure of the City of Krakow, Poland |
| title_full | Synthetic micropollutants in the water supply infrastructure of the City of Krakow, Poland |
| title_fullStr | Synthetic micropollutants in the water supply infrastructure of the City of Krakow, Poland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synthetic micropollutants in the water supply infrastructure of the City of Krakow, Poland |
| title_short | Synthetic micropollutants in the water supply infrastructure of the City of Krakow, Poland |
| title_sort | synthetic micropollutants in the water supply infrastructure of the city of krakow poland |
| topic | PFAS EDCs Raw water Drinking water Water safety |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002139 |
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