Interaction Between Lipoprotein(a) and Other Lipid Molecules: A Review of the Current Literature

Interaction Between Lipoprotein(a) and Other Lipid Molecules: A Review of the Current Literature

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established causal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as reported by multiple Mendelian randomization studies and large epidemiological studies. When elevated Lp(a) is combined with other risk factors, most notably elevated low-density lipoprotein choles...

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Main Authors: Hesham Sheashaa, Hana Mousa, Mohammed Tiseer Abbas, Juan M. Farina, Kamal Awad, Milagros Pereyra, Isabel G. Scalia, Nima Baba Ali, Niloofar Javadi, Nadera N. Bismee, Sogol Attaripour Esfahani, Omar Ibrahim, Fatmaelzahraa Abdelfattah, Ramzi Ibrahim, Mahmoud Abdelnabi, Chadi Ayoub, Reza Arsanjani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
lipoprotein(a)
interaction
risk factor
mortality
cardiovascular
atherosclerosis
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/162
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Summary:Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established causal risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as reported by multiple Mendelian randomization studies and large epidemiological studies. When elevated Lp(a) is combined with other risk factors, most notably elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), a synergistic atherogenic effect has been reported. However, the current literature is conflicting regarding how Lp(a) interacts in the context of controlled LDL-C levels (e.g., <70 mg/dL) and whether reducing LDL-C can modify the atherogenic effect of Lp(a). In some studies, elevated Lp(a) was still significantly associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events, despite controlled levels of LDL-C. In contrast, multiple studies have reported attenuation of the cardiovascular risk mediated by elevated Lp(a) with lower LDL-C levels. Moreover, the relationship between Lp(a) and triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein remains unclear. In this literature review, we summarize and discuss the current evidence regarding the interactions between Lp(a) and other lipid molecules, how they contribute to the pathogenesis of CVD, and future perspectives, particularly in the current era where promising targeted Lp(a)-lowering therapies are under development.
ISSN:2218-273X

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