A Home-Based Self-Powered Rehabilitation System With Variable Stiffness Mechanism

Home-based rehabilitation with robot assistance may significantly reduce therapist workload and facilitate post-stroke patient training. However, the lack of real-time therapist supervision requires higher safety, ease of use, and training efficiency of the rehabilitation system. Therefore, active r...

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Main Authors: Ke Shi, Yingchen Gao, Maozeng Zhang, Lifeng Zhu, Aiguo Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11048644/
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author Ke Shi
Yingchen Gao
Maozeng Zhang
Lifeng Zhu
Aiguo Song
author_facet Ke Shi
Yingchen Gao
Maozeng Zhang
Lifeng Zhu
Aiguo Song
author_sort Ke Shi
collection DOAJ
description Home-based rehabilitation with robot assistance may significantly reduce therapist workload and facilitate post-stroke patient training. However, the lack of real-time therapist supervision requires higher safety, ease of use, and training efficiency of the rehabilitation system. Therefore, active robot rehabilitation systems may not be particularly ideal for home use due to high costs, large footprints, safety concerns, and the potential for motor slacking. Self-powered robots provide a promising alternative by enabling the unimpaired side (UIS) to assist the impaired side (IS) without external power. However, constant and rigid coupling between limbs may lead to the over-compensation by the UIS, reduce engagement of the IS, and fail to provide sufficient information for task performance assessment. This paper demonstrates a home-based self-powered rehabilitation system with a variable stiffness mechanism (VSM), providing proper coupling stiffness between the UIS and IS according to the IS’s motor ability. The application of the VSM also allows for the measurement of motion errors and interaction forces using only encoders, facilitating motor ability evaluation and training task guidance. First, we propose a cable-driven VSM with active and passive stiffness regulation, and develop a bilateral two-degree-of-freedom rehabilitation system with the VSM for evaluation. Then, the system’s functionality and efficacy are validated through experiments with twelve healthy subjects and ten stroke survivors. The proposed self-powered system can potentially avoid UIS’s over-compensation, enhances IS’s engagement, and improves training efficiency, while ensuring safety and reliability within home-based rehabilitation.
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spelling doaj-art-0aeb73cceb94422e9fa4e3fd8a134aa22025-08-20T02:38:25ZengIEEEIEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering1534-43201558-02102025-01-01332487249710.1109/TNSRE.2025.358225511048644A Home-Based Self-Powered Rehabilitation System With Variable Stiffness MechanismKe Shi0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6126-9818Yingchen Gao1https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2835-3499Maozeng Zhang2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-1886Lifeng Zhu3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9999-4513Aiguo Song4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1982-6780School of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Cluny Road, SingaporeSchool of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, ChinaHome-based rehabilitation with robot assistance may significantly reduce therapist workload and facilitate post-stroke patient training. However, the lack of real-time therapist supervision requires higher safety, ease of use, and training efficiency of the rehabilitation system. Therefore, active robot rehabilitation systems may not be particularly ideal for home use due to high costs, large footprints, safety concerns, and the potential for motor slacking. Self-powered robots provide a promising alternative by enabling the unimpaired side (UIS) to assist the impaired side (IS) without external power. However, constant and rigid coupling between limbs may lead to the over-compensation by the UIS, reduce engagement of the IS, and fail to provide sufficient information for task performance assessment. This paper demonstrates a home-based self-powered rehabilitation system with a variable stiffness mechanism (VSM), providing proper coupling stiffness between the UIS and IS according to the IS’s motor ability. The application of the VSM also allows for the measurement of motion errors and interaction forces using only encoders, facilitating motor ability evaluation and training task guidance. First, we propose a cable-driven VSM with active and passive stiffness regulation, and develop a bilateral two-degree-of-freedom rehabilitation system with the VSM for evaluation. Then, the system’s functionality and efficacy are validated through experiments with twelve healthy subjects and ten stroke survivors. The proposed self-powered system can potentially avoid UIS’s over-compensation, enhances IS’s engagement, and improves training efficiency, while ensuring safety and reliability within home-based rehabilitation.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11048644/Rehabilitation robotpassive robotbilateral rehabilitationvariable stiffness mechanism
spellingShingle Ke Shi
Yingchen Gao
Maozeng Zhang
Lifeng Zhu
Aiguo Song
A Home-Based Self-Powered Rehabilitation System With Variable Stiffness Mechanism
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
Rehabilitation robot
passive robot
bilateral rehabilitation
variable stiffness mechanism
title A Home-Based Self-Powered Rehabilitation System With Variable Stiffness Mechanism
title_full A Home-Based Self-Powered Rehabilitation System With Variable Stiffness Mechanism
title_fullStr A Home-Based Self-Powered Rehabilitation System With Variable Stiffness Mechanism
title_full_unstemmed A Home-Based Self-Powered Rehabilitation System With Variable Stiffness Mechanism
title_short A Home-Based Self-Powered Rehabilitation System With Variable Stiffness Mechanism
title_sort home based self powered rehabilitation system with variable stiffness mechanism
topic Rehabilitation robot
passive robot
bilateral rehabilitation
variable stiffness mechanism
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11048644/
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