When the bite is not the threat: non-venomous snakebites and their impact on rural child health

Background While the clinical management of venomous snakebites has been widely studied, little attention has been paid to paediatric bites from non-venomous or mildly venomous snakes in Sri Lanka. Although medically less severe, these bites frequently lead to healthcare visits and even hospital adm...

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Main Authors: Kavinda Dayasiri, Achila Ranasinghe, Nayani Suraweera, Priyanga Burhan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-07-01
Series:BMJ Paediatrics Open
Online Access:https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/9/1/e003583.full
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author Kavinda Dayasiri
Achila Ranasinghe
Nayani Suraweera
Priyanga Burhan
author_facet Kavinda Dayasiri
Achila Ranasinghe
Nayani Suraweera
Priyanga Burhan
author_sort Kavinda Dayasiri
collection DOAJ
description Background While the clinical management of venomous snakebites has been widely studied, little attention has been paid to paediatric bites from non-venomous or mildly venomous snakes in Sri Lanka. Although medically less severe, these bites frequently lead to healthcare visits and even hospital admissions, primarily due to caregiver anxiety and concern, and may result in minor complications.Methods A multicentre descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across four referral hospitals in Sri Lanka. Children aged 0–17 years with confirmed bites from snakes of low or no medical significance were included. Data were collected through medical records and caregiver interviews. A matched control group was used to explore environmental and behavioural risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of snakebites.Results Among 183 children, the mean age was 10.5 years (SD=4.1), with 68.3% being male. Most lived in rural areas (86.9%), and rat snakes and water snakes were the most frequently implicated species. Bites primarily affected the feet (71%) and occurred during outdoor activities at home. Most children presented to healthcare facilities within 1 hour of the bite. Multivariate analysis showed that regular use of a torchlight (OR: 0.38, p<0.001) and home garden cleaning (OR: 0.35, p<0.001) were protective, while the presence of rats (OR: 2.01, p<0.001) and proximity to water bodies (OR: 1.92, p=0.04) were associated with increased risk.Conclusion Non-venomous and mildly venomous snakebites in children are common in rural Sri Lanka and are influenced by modifiable behavioural and environmental factors. Targeted community education and preventive measures could reduce unnecessary health system burdens
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spelling doaj-art-0ae9f0b0755d41e2b4e52a7ce634c8bf2025-08-20T02:46:25ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Paediatrics Open2399-97722025-07-019110.1136/bmjpo-2025-003583When the bite is not the threat: non-venomous snakebites and their impact on rural child healthKavinda Dayasiri0Achila Ranasinghe1Nayani Suraweera2Priyanga Burhan31 Paediatrics, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka1 Paediatrics, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka2 Paediatrics, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, saliyapura, Sri Lanka3 Paediatrics, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Kurunegala, Sri LankaBackground While the clinical management of venomous snakebites has been widely studied, little attention has been paid to paediatric bites from non-venomous or mildly venomous snakes in Sri Lanka. Although medically less severe, these bites frequently lead to healthcare visits and even hospital admissions, primarily due to caregiver anxiety and concern, and may result in minor complications.Methods A multicentre descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across four referral hospitals in Sri Lanka. Children aged 0–17 years with confirmed bites from snakes of low or no medical significance were included. Data were collected through medical records and caregiver interviews. A matched control group was used to explore environmental and behavioural risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression identified independent predictors of snakebites.Results Among 183 children, the mean age was 10.5 years (SD=4.1), with 68.3% being male. Most lived in rural areas (86.9%), and rat snakes and water snakes were the most frequently implicated species. Bites primarily affected the feet (71%) and occurred during outdoor activities at home. Most children presented to healthcare facilities within 1 hour of the bite. Multivariate analysis showed that regular use of a torchlight (OR: 0.38, p<0.001) and home garden cleaning (OR: 0.35, p<0.001) were protective, while the presence of rats (OR: 2.01, p<0.001) and proximity to water bodies (OR: 1.92, p=0.04) were associated with increased risk.Conclusion Non-venomous and mildly venomous snakebites in children are common in rural Sri Lanka and are influenced by modifiable behavioural and environmental factors. Targeted community education and preventive measures could reduce unnecessary health system burdenshttps://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/9/1/e003583.full
spellingShingle Kavinda Dayasiri
Achila Ranasinghe
Nayani Suraweera
Priyanga Burhan
When the bite is not the threat: non-venomous snakebites and their impact on rural child health
BMJ Paediatrics Open
title When the bite is not the threat: non-venomous snakebites and their impact on rural child health
title_full When the bite is not the threat: non-venomous snakebites and their impact on rural child health
title_fullStr When the bite is not the threat: non-venomous snakebites and their impact on rural child health
title_full_unstemmed When the bite is not the threat: non-venomous snakebites and their impact on rural child health
title_short When the bite is not the threat: non-venomous snakebites and their impact on rural child health
title_sort when the bite is not the threat non venomous snakebites and their impact on rural child health
url https://bmjpaedsopen.bmj.com/content/9/1/e003583.full
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