Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Prognosis of Sepsis: A Current Update

Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to an infection characterized by the presence of coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular fibers, primarily composed of DNA from neutrophils that bind invasive pathogens. These extracellular t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dimitrios Velissaris, Vasileios Karamouzos, Themistoklis Paraskevas, Eleni Konstantina Velissari, Charalampos Pierrakos, Christos Michailides
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Medicina
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1145
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849408986317586432
author Dimitrios Velissaris
Vasileios Karamouzos
Themistoklis Paraskevas
Eleni Konstantina Velissari
Charalampos Pierrakos
Christos Michailides
author_facet Dimitrios Velissaris
Vasileios Karamouzos
Themistoklis Paraskevas
Eleni Konstantina Velissari
Charalampos Pierrakos
Christos Michailides
author_sort Dimitrios Velissaris
collection DOAJ
description Sepsis is a dysregulated host response to an infection characterized by the presence of coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular fibers, primarily composed of DNA from neutrophils that bind invasive pathogens. These extracellular traps are involved in the activation and dysfunction of several pathways during the process of sepsis syndrome, including the immune response to injury, inflammation, and coagulation. Those formations consist of many molecules that have been studied as biomarkers for multiple sepsis pathophysiological pathways that reflect various complications. The best-studied segments of such formations, circulating free DNA, citrullinated histone 3 and myeloperoxidase, are considered to contribute to upscaling specificity. Plenty of NET end-products have been recently studied as indirect biomarkers for NET-related sepsis complications. Several studies have examined the relationship between NET end-products and established sepsis severity scores, such as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE 2) and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS). These studies also explore how these end-products contribute to the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mortality, and their efficacy in evaluating disseminating intravascular coagulation (DIC). This is a short review of the current literature regarding the evaluation of neutrophil extracellular trap levels in the prognosis of sepsis patients.
format Article
id doaj-art-0ad0fbc5ffd54a318dcac75735534873
institution Kabale University
issn 1010-660X
1648-9144
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Medicina
spelling doaj-art-0ad0fbc5ffd54a318dcac757355348732025-08-20T03:35:38ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-06-01617114510.3390/medicina61071145Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Prognosis of Sepsis: A Current UpdateDimitrios Velissaris0Vasileios Karamouzos1Themistoklis Paraskevas2Eleni Konstantina Velissari3Charalampos Pierrakos4Christos Michailides5Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rion-Patras, GreeceIntensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rion-Patras, GreeceDepartment of Nephrology, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rion-Patras, GreeceDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aigion General Hospital, 25100 Egio, GreeceDepartment of Intensive Care, Brugmann University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, 26504 Rion-Patras, GreeceSepsis is a dysregulated host response to an infection characterized by the presence of coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of extracellular fibers, primarily composed of DNA from neutrophils that bind invasive pathogens. These extracellular traps are involved in the activation and dysfunction of several pathways during the process of sepsis syndrome, including the immune response to injury, inflammation, and coagulation. Those formations consist of many molecules that have been studied as biomarkers for multiple sepsis pathophysiological pathways that reflect various complications. The best-studied segments of such formations, circulating free DNA, citrullinated histone 3 and myeloperoxidase, are considered to contribute to upscaling specificity. Plenty of NET end-products have been recently studied as indirect biomarkers for NET-related sepsis complications. Several studies have examined the relationship between NET end-products and established sepsis severity scores, such as Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE 2) and Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS). These studies also explore how these end-products contribute to the prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mortality, and their efficacy in evaluating disseminating intravascular coagulation (DIC). This is a short review of the current literature regarding the evaluation of neutrophil extracellular trap levels in the prognosis of sepsis patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1145sepsis syndromeneutrophil extracellular trapscoagulopathyNETosisinflammationcitH3
spellingShingle Dimitrios Velissaris
Vasileios Karamouzos
Themistoklis Paraskevas
Eleni Konstantina Velissari
Charalampos Pierrakos
Christos Michailides
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Prognosis of Sepsis: A Current Update
Medicina
sepsis syndrome
neutrophil extracellular traps
coagulopathy
NETosis
inflammation
citH3
title Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Prognosis of Sepsis: A Current Update
title_full Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Prognosis of Sepsis: A Current Update
title_fullStr Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Prognosis of Sepsis: A Current Update
title_full_unstemmed Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Prognosis of Sepsis: A Current Update
title_short Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Prognosis of Sepsis: A Current Update
title_sort neutrophil extracellular traps in the prognosis of sepsis a current update
topic sepsis syndrome
neutrophil extracellular traps
coagulopathy
NETosis
inflammation
citH3
url https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/7/1145
work_keys_str_mv AT dimitriosvelissaris neutrophilextracellulartrapsintheprognosisofsepsisacurrentupdate
AT vasileioskaramouzos neutrophilextracellulartrapsintheprognosisofsepsisacurrentupdate
AT themistoklisparaskevas neutrophilextracellulartrapsintheprognosisofsepsisacurrentupdate
AT elenikonstantinavelissari neutrophilextracellulartrapsintheprognosisofsepsisacurrentupdate
AT charalampospierrakos neutrophilextracellulartrapsintheprognosisofsepsisacurrentupdate
AT christosmichailides neutrophilextracellulartrapsintheprognosisofsepsisacurrentupdate