Estrogen mediates innate and adaptive immune alterations to influenza infection in pregnant mice.
Pregnancy is a leading risk factor for severe complications during an influenza virus infection. Women infected during their second and third trimesters are at increased risk for severe cardiopulmonary complications, premature delivery, and death. Here, we establish a murine model of aerosolized inf...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0040502&type=printable |
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| author | Michael A Pazos Thomas A Kraus César Muñoz-Fontela Thomas M Moran |
| author_facet | Michael A Pazos Thomas A Kraus César Muñoz-Fontela Thomas M Moran |
| author_sort | Michael A Pazos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pregnancy is a leading risk factor for severe complications during an influenza virus infection. Women infected during their second and third trimesters are at increased risk for severe cardiopulmonary complications, premature delivery, and death. Here, we establish a murine model of aerosolized influenza infection during pregnancy. We find significantly altered innate antiviral responses in pregnant mice, including decreased levels of IFN-β, IL-1α, and IFN-γ at early time points of infection. We also find reduced cytotoxic T cell activity and delayed viral clearance. We further demonstrate that pregnancy levels of the estrogen 17-β-estradiol are able to induce key anti-inflammatory phenotypes in immune responses to the virus independently of other hormones or pregnancy-related stressors. We conclude that elevated estrogen levels result in an attenuated anti-viral immune response, and that pregnancy-associated morbidities occur in the context of this anti-inflammatory phenotype. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0ac8d58bc0774108907e53b6e50f30be |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-0ac8d58bc0774108907e53b6e50f30be2025-08-20T03:09:48ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032012-01-0177e4050210.1371/journal.pone.0040502Estrogen mediates innate and adaptive immune alterations to influenza infection in pregnant mice.Michael A PazosThomas A KrausCésar Muñoz-FontelaThomas M MoranPregnancy is a leading risk factor for severe complications during an influenza virus infection. Women infected during their second and third trimesters are at increased risk for severe cardiopulmonary complications, premature delivery, and death. Here, we establish a murine model of aerosolized influenza infection during pregnancy. We find significantly altered innate antiviral responses in pregnant mice, including decreased levels of IFN-β, IL-1α, and IFN-γ at early time points of infection. We also find reduced cytotoxic T cell activity and delayed viral clearance. We further demonstrate that pregnancy levels of the estrogen 17-β-estradiol are able to induce key anti-inflammatory phenotypes in immune responses to the virus independently of other hormones or pregnancy-related stressors. We conclude that elevated estrogen levels result in an attenuated anti-viral immune response, and that pregnancy-associated morbidities occur in the context of this anti-inflammatory phenotype.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0040502&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Michael A Pazos Thomas A Kraus César Muñoz-Fontela Thomas M Moran Estrogen mediates innate and adaptive immune alterations to influenza infection in pregnant mice. PLoS ONE |
| title | Estrogen mediates innate and adaptive immune alterations to influenza infection in pregnant mice. |
| title_full | Estrogen mediates innate and adaptive immune alterations to influenza infection in pregnant mice. |
| title_fullStr | Estrogen mediates innate and adaptive immune alterations to influenza infection in pregnant mice. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Estrogen mediates innate and adaptive immune alterations to influenza infection in pregnant mice. |
| title_short | Estrogen mediates innate and adaptive immune alterations to influenza infection in pregnant mice. |
| title_sort | estrogen mediates innate and adaptive immune alterations to influenza infection in pregnant mice |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0040502&type=printable |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT michaelapazos estrogenmediatesinnateandadaptiveimmunealterationstoinfluenzainfectioninpregnantmice AT thomasakraus estrogenmediatesinnateandadaptiveimmunealterationstoinfluenzainfectioninpregnantmice AT cesarmunozfontela estrogenmediatesinnateandadaptiveimmunealterationstoinfluenzainfectioninpregnantmice AT thomasmmoran estrogenmediatesinnateandadaptiveimmunealterationstoinfluenzainfectioninpregnantmice |