Interesting Images: Endocytoscopy for In Vivo Diagnosis of Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a frequent and severe complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCTx). Although biopsy and histopathology remain the gold standard for diagnosis of GvHD, this approach can be limited by thrombocytopenia accompanying aSCTx and the d...

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Main Authors: Timo Rath, Till Orlemann, Francesco Vitali, Abbas Agaimy, Andreas Mackensen, Markus F. Neurath
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/13/1595
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author Timo Rath
Till Orlemann
Francesco Vitali
Abbas Agaimy
Andreas Mackensen
Markus F. Neurath
author_facet Timo Rath
Till Orlemann
Francesco Vitali
Abbas Agaimy
Andreas Mackensen
Markus F. Neurath
author_sort Timo Rath
collection DOAJ
description Gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a frequent and severe complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCTx). Although biopsy and histopathology remain the gold standard for diagnosis of GvHD, this approach can be limited by thrombocytopenia accompanying aSCTx and the diagnostic delay associated with routine histopathology. Here, we report on two patients in which dye-based contact microscopy using a latest generation endocytoscope with 520-fold magnification enabled in vivo diagnosis of GvHD. The first patient was a 23-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with non-bloody diarrhea 3 months after aSCTx. After topical staining with crystal violet and methylene blue, endocytoscopy in the rectum showed several apoptotic epithelial cells. Histopathology confirmed GvHD grade III according to the Lerner classification. The second patient was a 59-year-old female with diarrhea 3 months after aSCTx. Apart from pathognomic apoptotic bodies, EC additionally revealed crypt lumina enlargement and mononuclear cell infiltrates in the lamina propria with subsequent crypt distension. The duration of the procedure was less than 5 min in each patient. These findings illustrate that in vivo microscopy using endocytoscopy can enable instantaneous diagnosis of GvHD with the benefit of accelerating therapeutic decisions in patients with suspected severe GvHD.
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spelling doaj-art-0ac425e5825d4bb680fdfec9e4b082ff2025-08-20T02:35:51ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-06-011513159510.3390/diagnostics15131595Interesting Images: Endocytoscopy for In Vivo Diagnosis of Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host DiseaseTimo Rath0Till Orlemann1Francesco Vitali2Abbas Agaimy3Andreas Mackensen4Markus F. Neurath5Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyInstitute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine V, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Internal Medicine I, Division of Gastroenterology, Ludwig Demling Endoscopy Center of Excellence, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91054 Erlangen, GermanyGastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a frequent and severe complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (aSCTx). Although biopsy and histopathology remain the gold standard for diagnosis of GvHD, this approach can be limited by thrombocytopenia accompanying aSCTx and the diagnostic delay associated with routine histopathology. Here, we report on two patients in which dye-based contact microscopy using a latest generation endocytoscope with 520-fold magnification enabled in vivo diagnosis of GvHD. The first patient was a 23-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with non-bloody diarrhea 3 months after aSCTx. After topical staining with crystal violet and methylene blue, endocytoscopy in the rectum showed several apoptotic epithelial cells. Histopathology confirmed GvHD grade III according to the Lerner classification. The second patient was a 59-year-old female with diarrhea 3 months after aSCTx. Apart from pathognomic apoptotic bodies, EC additionally revealed crypt lumina enlargement and mononuclear cell infiltrates in the lamina propria with subsequent crypt distension. The duration of the procedure was less than 5 min in each patient. These findings illustrate that in vivo microscopy using endocytoscopy can enable instantaneous diagnosis of GvHD with the benefit of accelerating therapeutic decisions in patients with suspected severe GvHD.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/13/1595endocytoscopygraft-versus-host diseasemagnification endoscopyendomicroscopy
spellingShingle Timo Rath
Till Orlemann
Francesco Vitali
Abbas Agaimy
Andreas Mackensen
Markus F. Neurath
Interesting Images: Endocytoscopy for In Vivo Diagnosis of Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Diagnostics
endocytoscopy
graft-versus-host disease
magnification endoscopy
endomicroscopy
title Interesting Images: Endocytoscopy for In Vivo Diagnosis of Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease
title_full Interesting Images: Endocytoscopy for In Vivo Diagnosis of Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease
title_fullStr Interesting Images: Endocytoscopy for In Vivo Diagnosis of Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease
title_full_unstemmed Interesting Images: Endocytoscopy for In Vivo Diagnosis of Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease
title_short Interesting Images: Endocytoscopy for In Vivo Diagnosis of Intestinal Graft-Versus-Host Disease
title_sort interesting images endocytoscopy for in vivo diagnosis of intestinal graft versus host disease
topic endocytoscopy
graft-versus-host disease
magnification endoscopy
endomicroscopy
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/13/1595
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