Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstone disease: a case-control study
Abstract Backgroundsː Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is an inexpensive method for estimating the amounts of phytochemicals in foods. No study has investigated the association between DPI and gallstones disease (GSD). Therefore, we conducted a case-control study in adults to assess the relationshi...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-02-01
|
| Series: | BMC Gastroenterology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03622-7 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1823862115571597312 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammad Abdulmohsin Jebur Ghufran Lutfi Ismaeel Haitham Mukhklif Salim Ammar Hussein Ahmed Israa Habeeb Naser |
| author_facet | Mohammad Abdulmohsin Jebur Ghufran Lutfi Ismaeel Haitham Mukhklif Salim Ammar Hussein Ahmed Israa Habeeb Naser |
| author_sort | Mohammad Abdulmohsin Jebur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Backgroundsː Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is an inexpensive method for estimating the amounts of phytochemicals in foods. No study has investigated the association between DPI and gallstones disease (GSD). Therefore, we conducted a case-control study in adults to assess the relationship between DPI and the risk of gallstones. Methods The study was conducted at the general surgical consultation departments of two major multispecialty hospitals in Baghdad: Al-Yarmook and Al Karama Teaching Hospitals. It involved 250 patients with gallstones and 250 controls. DPI was calculated based on data collected from a 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic data, physical activity, and anthropometric measures were determined. Results In the initial analysis, the highest tertile of total PI compared to the lowest tertile was found to be associated with a lower risk of galleston (OR and 95% CI = 0.61 (0.41–0.93), p for trend = 0.027). This significant association remained even after adjusting for age and sex, and the odds ratio slightly strengthened. In the final adjusted model, which accounted for additional confounders such as physical activity, BMI, smoking, socioeconomic status (SES), and dietary intake of energy, participants in the highest tertile of total PI still had a lower risk of gallston compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR and 95% CI = 0.51 (0.28–0.90), p for trend = 0.031. Conclusion We found evidence of a negative relationship between the dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstones, even after accounting for potential confounding variables. As a result, it may be advisable to include more phytochemical-rich foods in dietary approaches aimed at preventing gallstones. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the link between the dietary phytochemical index and gallstone. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0ac33c2be9d047e481dbdc8a714e81ae |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-230X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Gastroenterology |
| spelling | doaj-art-0ac33c2be9d047e481dbdc8a714e81ae2025-02-09T12:39:37ZengBMCBMC Gastroenterology1471-230X2025-02-012511710.1186/s12876-025-03622-7Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstone disease: a case-control studyMohammad Abdulmohsin Jebur0Ghufran Lutfi Ismaeel1Haitham Mukhklif Salim2Ammar Hussein Ahmed3Israa Habeeb Naser4College of Medicine, department of pathology and forensic medicine, Mustansiriyah UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Al-AmeedFamily physician specialist, head of the health, promotion departments, Ministry of healthDepartment of Radiology and Sonar, College of medical techniques, Al-Farahidi UniversityMedical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal UniversityAbstract Backgroundsː Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is an inexpensive method for estimating the amounts of phytochemicals in foods. No study has investigated the association between DPI and gallstones disease (GSD). Therefore, we conducted a case-control study in adults to assess the relationship between DPI and the risk of gallstones. Methods The study was conducted at the general surgical consultation departments of two major multispecialty hospitals in Baghdad: Al-Yarmook and Al Karama Teaching Hospitals. It involved 250 patients with gallstones and 250 controls. DPI was calculated based on data collected from a 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic data, physical activity, and anthropometric measures were determined. Results In the initial analysis, the highest tertile of total PI compared to the lowest tertile was found to be associated with a lower risk of galleston (OR and 95% CI = 0.61 (0.41–0.93), p for trend = 0.027). This significant association remained even after adjusting for age and sex, and the odds ratio slightly strengthened. In the final adjusted model, which accounted for additional confounders such as physical activity, BMI, smoking, socioeconomic status (SES), and dietary intake of energy, participants in the highest tertile of total PI still had a lower risk of gallston compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR and 95% CI = 0.51 (0.28–0.90), p for trend = 0.031. Conclusion We found evidence of a negative relationship between the dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstones, even after accounting for potential confounding variables. As a result, it may be advisable to include more phytochemical-rich foods in dietary approaches aimed at preventing gallstones. However, additional studies are needed to confirm the link between the dietary phytochemical index and gallstone.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03622-7Dietary phytochemical indexDPIGallstoneGSDPhytochemical |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Abdulmohsin Jebur Ghufran Lutfi Ismaeel Haitham Mukhklif Salim Ammar Hussein Ahmed Israa Habeeb Naser Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstone disease: a case-control study BMC Gastroenterology Dietary phytochemical index DPI Gallstone GSD Phytochemical |
| title | Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstone disease: a case-control study |
| title_full | Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstone disease: a case-control study |
| title_fullStr | Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstone disease: a case-control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstone disease: a case-control study |
| title_short | Dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstone disease: a case-control study |
| title_sort | dietary phytochemical index and the risk of gallstone disease a case control study |
| topic | Dietary phytochemical index DPI Gallstone GSD Phytochemical |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-03622-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadabdulmohsinjebur dietaryphytochemicalindexandtheriskofgallstonediseaseacasecontrolstudy AT ghufranlutfiismaeel dietaryphytochemicalindexandtheriskofgallstonediseaseacasecontrolstudy AT haithammukhklifsalim dietaryphytochemicalindexandtheriskofgallstonediseaseacasecontrolstudy AT ammarhusseinahmed dietaryphytochemicalindexandtheriskofgallstonediseaseacasecontrolstudy AT israahabeebnaser dietaryphytochemicalindexandtheriskofgallstonediseaseacasecontrolstudy |