Classification of Ionograms Obtained from Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR)/Dynasonde Ionospheric Radar at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica
The electron density profiles produced from the ionospheric sounding system are traditionally estimated by the inversion procedure based on the image analysis of the observed ionograms. Jang Bogo Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR) with Dynasonde (hereafter, JVD), however, uses the...
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The Korean Space Science Society
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.janss.kr/archive/view_article?pid=jass-42-2-39 |
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| author | Junho Back Geonhwa Jee Hyuck-Jin Kwon Khan-Hyuk Kim Changsup Lee Young-Bae Ham Nikolay Zabotin |
| author_facet | Junho Back Geonhwa Jee Hyuck-Jin Kwon Khan-Hyuk Kim Changsup Lee Young-Bae Ham Nikolay Zabotin |
| author_sort | Junho Back |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The electron density profiles produced from the ionospheric sounding system are traditionally estimated by the inversion
procedure based on the image analysis of the observed ionograms. Jang Bogo Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar
(VIPIR) with Dynasonde (hereafter, JVD), however, uses the three-dimensional electron density inversion approach named
“NeXtYZ” to produce ionospheric density, ion velocity, and tilt of the ionization in the bottomside ionosphere based on the
list of detected radio echoes with their physical parameters. Sometimes, the resulting density profiles can be erroneous, not
reflecting real ionosphere, probably due to severely disturbed ionosphere in the polar region. In this study, the automatic
classification procedure of the estimated electron density profiles is developed to filter out unusable data for the 5-year period
from 2017 to 2021. The ionograms are classified into four categories: ‘Unavailable’, ‘Sporadic E’, ‘Needs Reprocessing’, and
‘Available’. It is found that approximately 50% of ionograms are evaluated to be reasonable with proper electron density profiles
and about 35% of them tend to be affected by sporadic-E like structures, blocking the F-region ionosphere to be observed. It
should be noted that the sporadic-E like structures in the polar ionosphere seems to be main obstacles for the ionospheric
sounding observation of the F-region ionosphere. Only less than 10% of ionograms are classified as a reprocessing type which
needs to be reprocessed. Finally, no echoes are recognized by Dynasonde analysis for about 5% of ionograms. The reprocessing
and/or unavailable types might be associated with auroral precipitations that disturbs the ionosphere in the polar region. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0abe7286d4dd4b6faf37f3452f10646b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2093-5587 2093-1409 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | The Korean Space Science Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-0abe7286d4dd4b6faf37f3452f10646b2025-08-20T02:40:29ZengThe Korean Space Science SocietyJournal of Astronomy and Space Sciences2093-55872093-14092025-02-01422394610.5140/JASS.2025.42.2.39Classification of Ionograms Obtained from Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR)/Dynasonde Ionospheric Radar at Jang Bogo Station, AntarcticaJunho Back0https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8457-3049Geonhwa Jee1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7996-0482Hyuck-Jin Kwon2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9670-0711Khan-Hyuk Kim3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8872-6065Changsup Lee4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4046-7089Young-Bae Ham5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1714-0638Nikolay Zabotin6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0715-1082Kyung Hee UniversityKorea Polar Research InstituteKorea Polar Research InstituteKyung Hee UniversityKorea Polar Research InstituteKorea Polar Research InstituteUniversity of ColoradoThe electron density profiles produced from the ionospheric sounding system are traditionally estimated by the inversion procedure based on the image analysis of the observed ionograms. Jang Bogo Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR) with Dynasonde (hereafter, JVD), however, uses the three-dimensional electron density inversion approach named “NeXtYZ” to produce ionospheric density, ion velocity, and tilt of the ionization in the bottomside ionosphere based on the list of detected radio echoes with their physical parameters. Sometimes, the resulting density profiles can be erroneous, not reflecting real ionosphere, probably due to severely disturbed ionosphere in the polar region. In this study, the automatic classification procedure of the estimated electron density profiles is developed to filter out unusable data for the 5-year period from 2017 to 2021. The ionograms are classified into four categories: ‘Unavailable’, ‘Sporadic E’, ‘Needs Reprocessing’, and ‘Available’. It is found that approximately 50% of ionograms are evaluated to be reasonable with proper electron density profiles and about 35% of them tend to be affected by sporadic-E like structures, blocking the F-region ionosphere to be observed. It should be noted that the sporadic-E like structures in the polar ionosphere seems to be main obstacles for the ionospheric sounding observation of the F-region ionosphere. Only less than 10% of ionograms are classified as a reprocessing type which needs to be reprocessed. Finally, no echoes are recognized by Dynasonde analysis for about 5% of ionograms. The reprocessing and/or unavailable types might be associated with auroral precipitations that disturbs the ionosphere in the polar region.https://www.janss.kr/archive/view_article?pid=jass-42-2-39ionogramvertical incidence pulsed ionospheric radar (vipir)dynasondepolar ionosphere |
| spellingShingle | Junho Back Geonhwa Jee Hyuck-Jin Kwon Khan-Hyuk Kim Changsup Lee Young-Bae Ham Nikolay Zabotin Classification of Ionograms Obtained from Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR)/Dynasonde Ionospheric Radar at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences ionogram vertical incidence pulsed ionospheric radar (vipir) dynasonde polar ionosphere |
| title | Classification of Ionograms Obtained from Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR)/Dynasonde Ionospheric Radar at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica |
| title_full | Classification of Ionograms Obtained from Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR)/Dynasonde Ionospheric Radar at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica |
| title_fullStr | Classification of Ionograms Obtained from Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR)/Dynasonde Ionospheric Radar at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica |
| title_full_unstemmed | Classification of Ionograms Obtained from Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR)/Dynasonde Ionospheric Radar at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica |
| title_short | Classification of Ionograms Obtained from Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric Radar (VIPIR)/Dynasonde Ionospheric Radar at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica |
| title_sort | classification of ionograms obtained from vertical incidence pulsed ionospheric radar vipir dynasonde ionospheric radar at jang bogo station antarctica |
| topic | ionogram vertical incidence pulsed ionospheric radar (vipir) dynasonde polar ionosphere |
| url | https://www.janss.kr/archive/view_article?pid=jass-42-2-39 |
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