Microbiota-dependent metabolites – New engine for T cell warriors
Microbiota-dependent metabolites (MDMs) are small bioactive molecules produced or modified through microbial metabolic processes, playing an essential role in the communication between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. One of their most important roles is their regulatory effects on the immune syste...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Gut Microbes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2025.2523815 |
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| author | Yang Tang Anbo Fu Liangjing Wang Qiwei Ge |
| author_facet | Yang Tang Anbo Fu Liangjing Wang Qiwei Ge |
| author_sort | Yang Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microbiota-dependent metabolites (MDMs) are small bioactive molecules produced or modified through microbial metabolic processes, playing an essential role in the communication between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. One of their most important roles is their regulatory effects on the immune system, particularly in shaping the development, differentiation, and function of T cells, which are key players in the adaptive immune response. Emerging research highlights those microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan-derived metabolites, and bile acids (BAs), modulate T cell responses in both health and disease contexts, impacting conditions ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer. This review summarizes current advances in deciphering MDMs that critically regulate T cell function and elucidating their biosynthetic origins and mechanisms underlying immunomodulation and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we highlight the application of emerging technologies—in vitro bioreactors and organ models, genetic manipulation, and chemical proteomics – in delineating dynamic crosstalk between MDMs and immune signaling networks. We discuss future research perspectives in this field, emphasizing the need for more in-depth mechanistic studies and research strategies from an ecological approach will facilitate the clinical translation of MDMs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0abc7d7909844e82ba44a45b9545dddf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1949-0976 1949-0984 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gut Microbes |
| spelling | doaj-art-0abc7d7909844e82ba44a45b9545dddf2025-08-20T03:24:55ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGut Microbes1949-09761949-09842025-12-0117110.1080/19490976.2025.2523815Microbiota-dependent metabolites – New engine for T cell warriorsYang Tang0Anbo Fu1Liangjing Wang2Qiwei Ge3Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaMicrobiota-dependent metabolites (MDMs) are small bioactive molecules produced or modified through microbial metabolic processes, playing an essential role in the communication between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. One of their most important roles is their regulatory effects on the immune system, particularly in shaping the development, differentiation, and function of T cells, which are key players in the adaptive immune response. Emerging research highlights those microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), tryptophan-derived metabolites, and bile acids (BAs), modulate T cell responses in both health and disease contexts, impacting conditions ranging from autoimmune disorders to cancer. This review summarizes current advances in deciphering MDMs that critically regulate T cell function and elucidating their biosynthetic origins and mechanisms underlying immunomodulation and pathogenesis. Furthermore, we highlight the application of emerging technologies—in vitro bioreactors and organ models, genetic manipulation, and chemical proteomics – in delineating dynamic crosstalk between MDMs and immune signaling networks. We discuss future research perspectives in this field, emphasizing the need for more in-depth mechanistic studies and research strategies from an ecological approach will facilitate the clinical translation of MDMs.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2025.2523815Gut microbiotamicrobiota-dependent metabolitesT cellsmolecular mechanismsclinical translation |
| spellingShingle | Yang Tang Anbo Fu Liangjing Wang Qiwei Ge Microbiota-dependent metabolites – New engine for T cell warriors Gut Microbes Gut microbiota microbiota-dependent metabolites T cells molecular mechanisms clinical translation |
| title | Microbiota-dependent metabolites – New engine for T cell warriors |
| title_full | Microbiota-dependent metabolites – New engine for T cell warriors |
| title_fullStr | Microbiota-dependent metabolites – New engine for T cell warriors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbiota-dependent metabolites – New engine for T cell warriors |
| title_short | Microbiota-dependent metabolites – New engine for T cell warriors |
| title_sort | microbiota dependent metabolites new engine for t cell warriors |
| topic | Gut microbiota microbiota-dependent metabolites T cells molecular mechanisms clinical translation |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/19490976.2025.2523815 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yangtang microbiotadependentmetabolitesnewenginefortcellwarriors AT anbofu microbiotadependentmetabolitesnewenginefortcellwarriors AT liangjingwang microbiotadependentmetabolitesnewenginefortcellwarriors AT qiweige microbiotadependentmetabolitesnewenginefortcellwarriors |