Selenium Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity by Regulating Carbon Metabolism, AsA-GSH Cycle, and Cadmium Transport in <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. Seedlings

Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in plants hinders their growth and development while posing significant risks to human health through food chain transmission. <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. (<i>G. uralensis</i>) is a medicinal plant valued for its roots and plays a crucial rol...

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Main Authors: Xuerong Zheng, Jiafen Luo, Xin Li, Chaoyue Zhang, Guigui Wan, Caixia Xia, Jiahui Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1736
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author Xuerong Zheng
Jiafen Luo
Xin Li
Chaoyue Zhang
Guigui Wan
Caixia Xia
Jiahui Lu
author_facet Xuerong Zheng
Jiafen Luo
Xin Li
Chaoyue Zhang
Guigui Wan
Caixia Xia
Jiahui Lu
author_sort Xuerong Zheng
collection DOAJ
description Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in plants hinders their growth and development while posing significant risks to human health through food chain transmission. <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. (<i>G. uralensis</i>) is a medicinal plant valued for its roots and plays a crucial role in harmonizing various herbs in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. However, widespread Cd contamination in soil limits safe cultivation and application. Selenium (Se), a beneficial element in plants, can regulate plant growth by enhancing carbon metabolism and reducing heavy metal uptake. This study aimed to elucidate the protective mechanisms of Se application in licorice plants exposed to 20 μM Cd. Experiments with 1 and 5 μM of Se revealed that 1 μM of Se provided the best protective effects. This concentration reduced the Cd<sup>2+</sup> content in the roots of <i>G. uralensis</i>, while significantly increasing plant biomass, root length, SPAD value, and contents of K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and S<sup>2−</sup>. Additionally, the treatment reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 30.71% and 58.91% at 12 h and 30 d, respectively. The transcriptome analysis results suggest that Se mitigated Cd toxicity by enhancing carbon metabolism, regulating the AsA-GSH cycle, reducing Cd absorption, promoting Cd transport and compartmentalization, and modulating Cd resistance-associated transcription factors. These findings clarify the mechanisms by which Se alleviates Cd toxicity in <i>G. uralensis</i> and offer a promising strategy for the safe cultivation and quality control of medicinal herbs in Cd-contaminated soils.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2223-7747
language English
publishDate 2025-06-01
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series Plants
spelling doaj-art-0ab148501a1845efb4e7ec3616c42de32025-08-20T03:29:40ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-06-011412173610.3390/plants14121736Selenium Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity by Regulating Carbon Metabolism, AsA-GSH Cycle, and Cadmium Transport in <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. SeedlingsXuerong Zheng0Jiafen Luo1Xin Li2Chaoyue Zhang3Guigui Wan4Caixia Xia5Jiahui Lu6College of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, ChinaCadmium (Cd) accumulation in plants hinders their growth and development while posing significant risks to human health through food chain transmission. <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. (<i>G. uralensis</i>) is a medicinal plant valued for its roots and plays a crucial role in harmonizing various herbs in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions. However, widespread Cd contamination in soil limits safe cultivation and application. Selenium (Se), a beneficial element in plants, can regulate plant growth by enhancing carbon metabolism and reducing heavy metal uptake. This study aimed to elucidate the protective mechanisms of Se application in licorice plants exposed to 20 μM Cd. Experiments with 1 and 5 μM of Se revealed that 1 μM of Se provided the best protective effects. This concentration reduced the Cd<sup>2+</sup> content in the roots of <i>G. uralensis</i>, while significantly increasing plant biomass, root length, SPAD value, and contents of K<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, and S<sup>2−</sup>. Additionally, the treatment reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content by 30.71% and 58.91% at 12 h and 30 d, respectively. The transcriptome analysis results suggest that Se mitigated Cd toxicity by enhancing carbon metabolism, regulating the AsA-GSH cycle, reducing Cd absorption, promoting Cd transport and compartmentalization, and modulating Cd resistance-associated transcription factors. These findings clarify the mechanisms by which Se alleviates Cd toxicity in <i>G. uralensis</i> and offer a promising strategy for the safe cultivation and quality control of medicinal herbs in Cd-contaminated soils.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1736<i>Glycyrrhiza</i>seleniumcadmiumphysiologytranscriptome analysis
spellingShingle Xuerong Zheng
Jiafen Luo
Xin Li
Chaoyue Zhang
Guigui Wan
Caixia Xia
Jiahui Lu
Selenium Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity by Regulating Carbon Metabolism, AsA-GSH Cycle, and Cadmium Transport in <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. Seedlings
Plants
<i>Glycyrrhiza</i>
selenium
cadmium
physiology
transcriptome analysis
title Selenium Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity by Regulating Carbon Metabolism, AsA-GSH Cycle, and Cadmium Transport in <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. Seedlings
title_full Selenium Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity by Regulating Carbon Metabolism, AsA-GSH Cycle, and Cadmium Transport in <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. Seedlings
title_fullStr Selenium Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity by Regulating Carbon Metabolism, AsA-GSH Cycle, and Cadmium Transport in <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. Seedlings
title_full_unstemmed Selenium Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity by Regulating Carbon Metabolism, AsA-GSH Cycle, and Cadmium Transport in <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. Seedlings
title_short Selenium Alleviates Cadmium Toxicity by Regulating Carbon Metabolism, AsA-GSH Cycle, and Cadmium Transport in <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> Fisch. Seedlings
title_sort selenium alleviates cadmium toxicity by regulating carbon metabolism asa gsh cycle and cadmium transport in i glycyrrhiza uralensis i fisch seedlings
topic <i>Glycyrrhiza</i>
selenium
cadmium
physiology
transcriptome analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/12/1736
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