Inhibitory effects of cashew Anacardium occidentale L. kernel, apple, and shell extracts on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Abstract Obesity, a major risk factor for various metabolic diseases, often results in dysfunctional white adipose tissue and altered adipogenesis leading to ectopic fat accumulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance. On the other hand, cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut worldwide consumptio...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85727-3 |
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| author | Munkhzul Ganbold Shinya Takahashi Osamu Kakui Mitsutoshi Nakajima Hiroko Isoda |
| author_facet | Munkhzul Ganbold Shinya Takahashi Osamu Kakui Mitsutoshi Nakajima Hiroko Isoda |
| author_sort | Munkhzul Ganbold |
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| description | Abstract Obesity, a major risk factor for various metabolic diseases, often results in dysfunctional white adipose tissue and altered adipogenesis leading to ectopic fat accumulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance. On the other hand, cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut worldwide consumption and production is increasing steadily, which augments the mass of byproducts to be discarded. Indeed, cashew apples and cashew shells have shown potent effects to lower adiposity weight in human and animal models. However, the direct effect on adipocyte differentiation still remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biological effect of cashew nut or kernel (CK), dried cashew apple (DA), and cashew shell (SH) ethanolic extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. SH showed strong inhibition on adipocyte differentiation by downregulating transcription factors, PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1. DA also inhibited the transcription factors accompanied by reduced lipid accumulation, while proteins for de novo lipogenesis were unchanged. Finally, CK did not alter any markers in adipocyte differentiation, however, interestingly adiponectin level was significantly increased. Concisely, our findings showed that CK ameliorates adiponectin production without interfering adipogenesis, while DA lowers lipid accumulation and SH suppresses adipogenesis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0aac8fc55eb84f9d83bcfbbebd879717 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-0aac8fc55eb84f9d83bcfbbebd8797172025-01-12T12:15:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-85727-3Inhibitory effects of cashew Anacardium occidentale L. kernel, apple, and shell extracts on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytesMunkhzul Ganbold0Shinya Takahashi1Osamu Kakui2Mitsutoshi Nakajima3Hiroko Isoda4Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST)Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaBiotechnical Create Co.LtdInstitute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaOpen Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology (AIST)Abstract Obesity, a major risk factor for various metabolic diseases, often results in dysfunctional white adipose tissue and altered adipogenesis leading to ectopic fat accumulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance. On the other hand, cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) nut worldwide consumption and production is increasing steadily, which augments the mass of byproducts to be discarded. Indeed, cashew apples and cashew shells have shown potent effects to lower adiposity weight in human and animal models. However, the direct effect on adipocyte differentiation still remains unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the biological effect of cashew nut or kernel (CK), dried cashew apple (DA), and cashew shell (SH) ethanolic extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation. SH showed strong inhibition on adipocyte differentiation by downregulating transcription factors, PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP-1. DA also inhibited the transcription factors accompanied by reduced lipid accumulation, while proteins for de novo lipogenesis were unchanged. Finally, CK did not alter any markers in adipocyte differentiation, however, interestingly adiponectin level was significantly increased. Concisely, our findings showed that CK ameliorates adiponectin production without interfering adipogenesis, while DA lowers lipid accumulation and SH suppresses adipogenesis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85727-3Cashew nutKernelCashew appleCashew shellAdipocyteAdipocyte differentiation |
| spellingShingle | Munkhzul Ganbold Shinya Takahashi Osamu Kakui Mitsutoshi Nakajima Hiroko Isoda Inhibitory effects of cashew Anacardium occidentale L. kernel, apple, and shell extracts on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes Scientific Reports Cashew nut Kernel Cashew apple Cashew shell Adipocyte Adipocyte differentiation |
| title | Inhibitory effects of cashew Anacardium occidentale L. kernel, apple, and shell extracts on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes |
| title_full | Inhibitory effects of cashew Anacardium occidentale L. kernel, apple, and shell extracts on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes |
| title_fullStr | Inhibitory effects of cashew Anacardium occidentale L. kernel, apple, and shell extracts on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inhibitory effects of cashew Anacardium occidentale L. kernel, apple, and shell extracts on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes |
| title_short | Inhibitory effects of cashew Anacardium occidentale L. kernel, apple, and shell extracts on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes |
| title_sort | inhibitory effects of cashew anacardium occidentale l kernel apple and shell extracts on lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in 3t3 l1 adipocytes |
| topic | Cashew nut Kernel Cashew apple Cashew shell Adipocyte Adipocyte differentiation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85727-3 |
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