Genome-Wide Characterization and Haplotype Module Stacking Analysis of the <i>KTI</i> Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr.)
The Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (<i>KTI</i>) gene family encompasses a category of trypsin inhibitors, and the KTI proteins are important components of the 2S storage protein fraction in soybeans. In this study, fifty members of the <i>GmKTI</i> family were identified in the soy...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Huilin Tian Zhanguo Zhang Shaowei Feng Jia Song Xue Han Xin Chen Candong Li Enliang Liu Linli Xu Mingliang Yang Qingshan Chen Xiaoxia Wu Zhaoming Qi |
| author_facet | Huilin Tian Zhanguo Zhang Shaowei Feng Jia Song Xue Han Xin Chen Candong Li Enliang Liu Linli Xu Mingliang Yang Qingshan Chen Xiaoxia Wu Zhaoming Qi |
| author_sort | Huilin Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (<i>KTI</i>) gene family encompasses a category of trypsin inhibitors, and the KTI proteins are important components of the 2S storage protein fraction in soybeans. In this study, fifty members of the <i>GmKTI</i> family were identified in the soybean genome, and their physicochemical properties, domain compositions, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and expression patterns were comprehensively analyzed to explore their impact on soybean seed protein content. The results revealed significant gene expansion within the <i>GmKTI</i> family in soybean. The gene structures and conserved motifs of <i>GmKTI</i> members exhibited both regularity and diversity, with distinct expression patterns across different soybean tissues. Haplotype analysis identified 7 <i>GmKTI</i> genes significantly associated with seed storage protein content, and the combination of superior haplotypes was found to enhance seed storage protein content. This is crucial for the improvement of soybean varieties and the enhancement of storage protein content. Additionally, the <i>GmKTI</i> family demonstrated evolutionary conservation, with its functions likely linked to light induction, biotic stress, and growth development. This study characterizes the structure, expression, genomic haplotypes, and molecular features of the soybean KTI domain for the first time, providing a foundation for functional analyses of the <i>GmKTI</i> domain in soybean and other plants. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj-art-0aa8d07356ed4c51ad41d2c57d4085e02025-08-20T01:57:01ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-05-01155121010.3390/agronomy15051210Genome-Wide Characterization and Haplotype Module Stacking Analysis of the <i>KTI</i> Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr.)Huilin Tian0Zhanguo Zhang1Shaowei Feng2Jia Song3Xue Han4Xin Chen5Candong Li6Enliang Liu7Linli Xu8Mingliang Yang9Qingshan Chen10Xiaoxia Wu11Zhaoming Qi12National Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaJiamusi Branch Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154005, ChinaGrain Crops Institute, XinJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, ChinaGrain Crops Institute, XinJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Smart Farm Technology and System, National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, ChinaThe Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (<i>KTI</i>) gene family encompasses a category of trypsin inhibitors, and the KTI proteins are important components of the 2S storage protein fraction in soybeans. In this study, fifty members of the <i>GmKTI</i> family were identified in the soybean genome, and their physicochemical properties, domain compositions, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and expression patterns were comprehensively analyzed to explore their impact on soybean seed protein content. The results revealed significant gene expansion within the <i>GmKTI</i> family in soybean. The gene structures and conserved motifs of <i>GmKTI</i> members exhibited both regularity and diversity, with distinct expression patterns across different soybean tissues. Haplotype analysis identified 7 <i>GmKTI</i> genes significantly associated with seed storage protein content, and the combination of superior haplotypes was found to enhance seed storage protein content. This is crucial for the improvement of soybean varieties and the enhancement of storage protein content. Additionally, the <i>GmKTI</i> family demonstrated evolutionary conservation, with its functions likely linked to light induction, biotic stress, and growth development. This study characterizes the structure, expression, genomic haplotypes, and molecular features of the soybean KTI domain for the first time, providing a foundation for functional analyses of the <i>GmKTI</i> domain in soybean and other plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1210kunitz trypsin inhibitorseed storage protein contentparalogous geneshaplotype module stackingsoybean |
| spellingShingle | Huilin Tian Zhanguo Zhang Shaowei Feng Jia Song Xue Han Xin Chen Candong Li Enliang Liu Linli Xu Mingliang Yang Qingshan Chen Xiaoxia Wu Zhaoming Qi Genome-Wide Characterization and Haplotype Module Stacking Analysis of the <i>KTI</i> Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr.) Agronomy kunitz trypsin inhibitor seed storage protein content paralogous genes haplotype module stacking soybean |
| title | Genome-Wide Characterization and Haplotype Module Stacking Analysis of the <i>KTI</i> Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr.) |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Characterization and Haplotype Module Stacking Analysis of the <i>KTI</i> Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr.) |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Characterization and Haplotype Module Stacking Analysis of the <i>KTI</i> Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Characterization and Haplotype Module Stacking Analysis of the <i>KTI</i> Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr.) |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Characterization and Haplotype Module Stacking Analysis of the <i>KTI</i> Gene Family in Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L. Merr.) |
| title_sort | genome wide characterization and haplotype module stacking analysis of the i kti i gene family in soybean i glycine max i l merr |
| topic | kunitz trypsin inhibitor seed storage protein content paralogous genes haplotype module stacking soybean |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1210 |
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