Pilot-scale phosphorus recovery from mobile toilet wastewater in Bangkok, Thailand
Abstract The objective of this study is to enhance the capacity of struvite-phosphate forming reactor utilized in the production of phosphorus fertilizer from wastewater collected from mobile toilets, characterized by phosphorus (P) concentrations of 5.0 ± 1.1 g/l. The experimental procedure compris...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87520-8 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832571700669054976 |
|---|---|
| author | Thanakrit Neamhom Pakasinee Yakam Chalermkiet Bathbumrung Wirunya Tachavarong Varakorn Kosaisavee Yada Pinatha |
| author_facet | Thanakrit Neamhom Pakasinee Yakam Chalermkiet Bathbumrung Wirunya Tachavarong Varakorn Kosaisavee Yada Pinatha |
| author_sort | Thanakrit Neamhom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The objective of this study is to enhance the capacity of struvite-phosphate forming reactor utilized in the production of phosphorus fertilizer from wastewater collected from mobile toilets, characterized by phosphorus (P) concentrations of 5.0 ± 1.1 g/l. The experimental procedure comprised three sequential phases: the first phase involved the precipitation of struvite-phosphate using the forming reactor; the second phase focused on pelletizing the P product with sugar milling wastes as filler; and the third phase involved assessing the bioavailability of P in agricultural soils. Experimental design entails batch experiments with the operational variables including the Mg:P molar ratio and pH. Results from nine experiments (3 × 3) indicate that (1) the percentage of phosphorus recovery ranged from 1.9 to 65.2, with a peak observed at high pH values, (2) optimal phosphorus recovery is attained at Mg:P ratio of 1.25 and pH of 9 during precipitation, and (3) the EDS analysis confirms the presence of major elements with phosphorus constituting the predominant component at 13.1%weight. Moreover, P leaching in soil predominantly occurred after the 7th day among the various soil types with the 90-days dissolution efficiency in soil of 97.7 ± 0.6, 86.9 ± 4.1, and 88.0 ± 3.0 for sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam, respectively. These findings underscore the viability of achieving substantial phosphorus recovery through the utilization of a struvite-phosphate forming reactor via chemical precipitation, with additional evidence suggesting effective leaching of pellets in sandy loam soil, thereby highlighting its potential for widespread implementation in both phosphorus recovery and struvite fertilizer production on a large scale. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0a8ae15f8f9e4013ab3843cabc94a5e8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-0a8ae15f8f9e4013ab3843cabc94a5e82025-02-02T12:21:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-87520-8Pilot-scale phosphorus recovery from mobile toilet wastewater in Bangkok, ThailandThanakrit Neamhom0Pakasinee Yakam1Chalermkiet Bathbumrung2Wirunya Tachavarong3Varakorn Kosaisavee4Yada Pinatha5Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol UniversityDepartment of Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol UniversitySchool of Environmental Health, Institute of Public Health, Suranaree University of TechnologyAbstract The objective of this study is to enhance the capacity of struvite-phosphate forming reactor utilized in the production of phosphorus fertilizer from wastewater collected from mobile toilets, characterized by phosphorus (P) concentrations of 5.0 ± 1.1 g/l. The experimental procedure comprised three sequential phases: the first phase involved the precipitation of struvite-phosphate using the forming reactor; the second phase focused on pelletizing the P product with sugar milling wastes as filler; and the third phase involved assessing the bioavailability of P in agricultural soils. Experimental design entails batch experiments with the operational variables including the Mg:P molar ratio and pH. Results from nine experiments (3 × 3) indicate that (1) the percentage of phosphorus recovery ranged from 1.9 to 65.2, with a peak observed at high pH values, (2) optimal phosphorus recovery is attained at Mg:P ratio of 1.25 and pH of 9 during precipitation, and (3) the EDS analysis confirms the presence of major elements with phosphorus constituting the predominant component at 13.1%weight. Moreover, P leaching in soil predominantly occurred after the 7th day among the various soil types with the 90-days dissolution efficiency in soil of 97.7 ± 0.6, 86.9 ± 4.1, and 88.0 ± 3.0 for sandy loam, silt loam, and clay loam, respectively. These findings underscore the viability of achieving substantial phosphorus recovery through the utilization of a struvite-phosphate forming reactor via chemical precipitation, with additional evidence suggesting effective leaching of pellets in sandy loam soil, thereby highlighting its potential for widespread implementation in both phosphorus recovery and struvite fertilizer production on a large scale.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87520-8Phosphorus recoveryStruviteMobile toilet wastewaterChemical precipitationNutrient recoveryBioavailability |
| spellingShingle | Thanakrit Neamhom Pakasinee Yakam Chalermkiet Bathbumrung Wirunya Tachavarong Varakorn Kosaisavee Yada Pinatha Pilot-scale phosphorus recovery from mobile toilet wastewater in Bangkok, Thailand Scientific Reports Phosphorus recovery Struvite Mobile toilet wastewater Chemical precipitation Nutrient recovery Bioavailability |
| title | Pilot-scale phosphorus recovery from mobile toilet wastewater in Bangkok, Thailand |
| title_full | Pilot-scale phosphorus recovery from mobile toilet wastewater in Bangkok, Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Pilot-scale phosphorus recovery from mobile toilet wastewater in Bangkok, Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pilot-scale phosphorus recovery from mobile toilet wastewater in Bangkok, Thailand |
| title_short | Pilot-scale phosphorus recovery from mobile toilet wastewater in Bangkok, Thailand |
| title_sort | pilot scale phosphorus recovery from mobile toilet wastewater in bangkok thailand |
| topic | Phosphorus recovery Struvite Mobile toilet wastewater Chemical precipitation Nutrient recovery Bioavailability |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87520-8 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thanakritneamhom pilotscalephosphorusrecoveryfrommobiletoiletwastewaterinbangkokthailand AT pakasineeyakam pilotscalephosphorusrecoveryfrommobiletoiletwastewaterinbangkokthailand AT chalermkietbathbumrung pilotscalephosphorusrecoveryfrommobiletoiletwastewaterinbangkokthailand AT wirunyatachavarong pilotscalephosphorusrecoveryfrommobiletoiletwastewaterinbangkokthailand AT varakornkosaisavee pilotscalephosphorusrecoveryfrommobiletoiletwastewaterinbangkokthailand AT yadapinatha pilotscalephosphorusrecoveryfrommobiletoiletwastewaterinbangkokthailand |