Associations between symptom-based long COVID clusters and long-term quality of life, work and daily activities among individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a national retail pharmacy
Abstract Background Evidence on long COVID symptom clustering patterns among patients with COVID-19 is limited. We summarized long COVID symptoms in clusters defined by number of symptoms co-occurring together, and we assessed Health-Related Quality of Life (HQRoL), Work Productivity and Activity Im...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-024-00797-7 |
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| author | Manuela Di Fusco Joseph C. Cappelleri Alon Yehoshua Kelly J. Thomas Craig Mary B. Alvarez Kristen E. Allen Thomas M. Porter Santiago M.C. Lopez Laura Puzniak Xiaowu Sun |
| author_facet | Manuela Di Fusco Joseph C. Cappelleri Alon Yehoshua Kelly J. Thomas Craig Mary B. Alvarez Kristen E. Allen Thomas M. Porter Santiago M.C. Lopez Laura Puzniak Xiaowu Sun |
| author_sort | Manuela Di Fusco |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Evidence on long COVID symptom clustering patterns among patients with COVID-19 is limited. We summarized long COVID symptoms in clusters defined by number of symptoms co-occurring together, and we assessed Health-Related Quality of Life (HQRoL), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) outcomes across these clusters over time. We assessed associations between the clusters and BNT162b2 vaccination status. Methods A prospective longitudinal patient-reported outcomes (PRO) study recruited laboratory-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 patients seeking testing from a national retail pharmacy. Long COVID-19 symptoms were self-reported by participants at 4-week, 3-month and 6-month surveys. Patient classes identified via latent class analysis (LCA) with long COVID-19 symptoms were simplified into clusters based on number of symptoms. HRQoL and WPAI outcomes were collected using EQ-ED-5L and WPAI: GH questionnaires. Mixed models for repeated measures analyses were conducted to examine associations between exposure groups and outcomes. Results The study included 328 participants that were segmented into three groups of long COVID-19 symptoms based on LCA and then simplified by the number of symptoms (Cluster 1 low, <2; Cluster 2 moderate, 2–6; and Cluster 3 high, >6 symptoms). The number of long COVID-19 symptoms was negatively associated with HRQoL and WPAI, whereby participants with high symptom burden (>6 symptoms) had the lowest HRQoL and WPAI scores assessed by absenteeism, presenteeism, work productivity loss, activity impairment, and hours worked metrics. Compared with those unvaccinated and not up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccination, subjects boosted with BNT162b2 consistently reported less symptom burden during the follow-up, regardless of their symptom-based cluster. Conclusion Three distinct patient clusters based on frequency of long COVID symptoms experienced different HRQoL and WPAI outcomes over 6 months. The cluster with more concomitant symptoms experienced greater burden than the others. Participants up-to-date with BNT162b2 reported lower symptom burden across all clusters and timeframes. Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05160636. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0a85fcbfc06d433ea880120ab4bf58ce |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2509-8020 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes |
| spelling | doaj-art-0a85fcbfc06d433ea880120ab4bf58ce2025-08-20T02:11:18ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Patient-Reported Outcomes2509-80202024-10-01811910.1186/s41687-024-00797-7Associations between symptom-based long COVID clusters and long-term quality of life, work and daily activities among individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a national retail pharmacyManuela Di Fusco0Joseph C. Cappelleri1Alon Yehoshua2Kelly J. Thomas Craig3Mary B. Alvarez4Kristen E. Allen5Thomas M. Porter6Santiago M.C. Lopez7Laura Puzniak8Xiaowu Sun9Pfizer IncPfizer IncPfizer IncCVS HealthPfizer IncPfizer IncPfizer IncPfizer IncPfizer IncCVS HealthAbstract Background Evidence on long COVID symptom clustering patterns among patients with COVID-19 is limited. We summarized long COVID symptoms in clusters defined by number of symptoms co-occurring together, and we assessed Health-Related Quality of Life (HQRoL), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) outcomes across these clusters over time. We assessed associations between the clusters and BNT162b2 vaccination status. Methods A prospective longitudinal patient-reported outcomes (PRO) study recruited laboratory-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 patients seeking testing from a national retail pharmacy. Long COVID-19 symptoms were self-reported by participants at 4-week, 3-month and 6-month surveys. Patient classes identified via latent class analysis (LCA) with long COVID-19 symptoms were simplified into clusters based on number of symptoms. HRQoL and WPAI outcomes were collected using EQ-ED-5L and WPAI: GH questionnaires. Mixed models for repeated measures analyses were conducted to examine associations between exposure groups and outcomes. Results The study included 328 participants that were segmented into three groups of long COVID-19 symptoms based on LCA and then simplified by the number of symptoms (Cluster 1 low, <2; Cluster 2 moderate, 2–6; and Cluster 3 high, >6 symptoms). The number of long COVID-19 symptoms was negatively associated with HRQoL and WPAI, whereby participants with high symptom burden (>6 symptoms) had the lowest HRQoL and WPAI scores assessed by absenteeism, presenteeism, work productivity loss, activity impairment, and hours worked metrics. Compared with those unvaccinated and not up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccination, subjects boosted with BNT162b2 consistently reported less symptom burden during the follow-up, regardless of their symptom-based cluster. Conclusion Three distinct patient clusters based on frequency of long COVID symptoms experienced different HRQoL and WPAI outcomes over 6 months. The cluster with more concomitant symptoms experienced greater burden than the others. Participants up-to-date with BNT162b2 reported lower symptom burden across all clusters and timeframes. Clinical trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05160636.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-024-00797-7SARS-CoV-2COVID-19BNT162b2long-COVID-19 symptomsHumanisticHRQoL |
| spellingShingle | Manuela Di Fusco Joseph C. Cappelleri Alon Yehoshua Kelly J. Thomas Craig Mary B. Alvarez Kristen E. Allen Thomas M. Porter Santiago M.C. Lopez Laura Puzniak Xiaowu Sun Associations between symptom-based long COVID clusters and long-term quality of life, work and daily activities among individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a national retail pharmacy Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 BNT162b2 long-COVID-19 symptoms Humanistic HRQoL |
| title | Associations between symptom-based long COVID clusters and long-term quality of life, work and daily activities among individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a national retail pharmacy |
| title_full | Associations between symptom-based long COVID clusters and long-term quality of life, work and daily activities among individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a national retail pharmacy |
| title_fullStr | Associations between symptom-based long COVID clusters and long-term quality of life, work and daily activities among individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a national retail pharmacy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations between symptom-based long COVID clusters and long-term quality of life, work and daily activities among individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a national retail pharmacy |
| title_short | Associations between symptom-based long COVID clusters and long-term quality of life, work and daily activities among individuals testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 at a national retail pharmacy |
| title_sort | associations between symptom based long covid clusters and long term quality of life work and daily activities among individuals testing positive for sars cov 2 at a national retail pharmacy |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 BNT162b2 long-COVID-19 symptoms Humanistic HRQoL |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41687-024-00797-7 |
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