Addressing non-response and measurement errors in time-scaled surveys

Abstract Measurement and non-response errors significantly affect the accuracy of estimates. Measurement errors, from inaccurate data collection, distort variable relationships and bias results, while non-response errors, from missing data, lead to unrepresentative samples, especially when systemati...

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Main Authors: Poonam Singh, Pooja Maurya, Prayas Sharma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-04-01
Series:Discover Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06676-0
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author Poonam Singh
Pooja Maurya
Prayas Sharma
author_facet Poonam Singh
Pooja Maurya
Prayas Sharma
author_sort Poonam Singh
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Measurement and non-response errors significantly affect the accuracy of estimates. Measurement errors, from inaccurate data collection, distort variable relationships and bias results, while non-response errors, from missing data, lead to unrepresentative samples, especially when systematic. Both increase variability, reduce precision, and compromise conclusions, risking flawed decisions.To tackle these challenges, we have developed a generalized class of exponential estimators to enhance the accuracy of population mean estimation in time-scaled surveys. We analyzed the impact of measurement and non-response errors on accuracy by examining two scenarios: one where non-response affects only the study variable and another where it impacts both the study and auxiliary variables, with measurement error accounted for in both cases. We derive expressions for the bias and mean square error of the proposed estimator, considering the effects of measurement error and non-response, up to the first-order approximation. For time-scaled surveys, we compare its performance with several existing estimators. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed estimator achieves greater efficiency in addressing these errors compared to current methods.
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spelling doaj-art-0a7c0125c5ca4341b2c802ba6cf709902025-08-20T02:17:56ZengSpringerDiscover Applied Sciences3004-92612025-04-017512710.1007/s42452-025-06676-0Addressing non-response and measurement errors in time-scaled surveysPoonam Singh0Pooja Maurya1Prayas Sharma2Department of Statistics, Banaras Hindu UniversityDepartment of Statistics, Banaras Hindu UniversityDepartment of Statistics, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar UniversityAbstract Measurement and non-response errors significantly affect the accuracy of estimates. Measurement errors, from inaccurate data collection, distort variable relationships and bias results, while non-response errors, from missing data, lead to unrepresentative samples, especially when systematic. Both increase variability, reduce precision, and compromise conclusions, risking flawed decisions.To tackle these challenges, we have developed a generalized class of exponential estimators to enhance the accuracy of population mean estimation in time-scaled surveys. We analyzed the impact of measurement and non-response errors on accuracy by examining two scenarios: one where non-response affects only the study variable and another where it impacts both the study and auxiliary variables, with measurement error accounted for in both cases. We derive expressions for the bias and mean square error of the proposed estimator, considering the effects of measurement error and non-response, up to the first-order approximation. For time-scaled surveys, we compare its performance with several existing estimators. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate that the proposed estimator achieves greater efficiency in addressing these errors compared to current methods.https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06676-0Auxiliary variableSimple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR)Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA)Non-responseMeasurement errorBias
spellingShingle Poonam Singh
Pooja Maurya
Prayas Sharma
Addressing non-response and measurement errors in time-scaled surveys
Discover Applied Sciences
Auxiliary variable
Simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR)
Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA)
Non-response
Measurement error
Bias
title Addressing non-response and measurement errors in time-scaled surveys
title_full Addressing non-response and measurement errors in time-scaled surveys
title_fullStr Addressing non-response and measurement errors in time-scaled surveys
title_full_unstemmed Addressing non-response and measurement errors in time-scaled surveys
title_short Addressing non-response and measurement errors in time-scaled surveys
title_sort addressing non response and measurement errors in time scaled surveys
topic Auxiliary variable
Simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR)
Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA)
Non-response
Measurement error
Bias
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-025-06676-0
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