Investigating mental defeat in individuals with chronic pain: Protocol for a longitudinal experience sampling study

Introduction Previous qualitative and cross-sectional research has identified a strong sense of mental defeat in people with chronic pain who also experience the greatest levels of distress and disability. This study will adopt a longitudinal experience sampling design to examine the within-person l...

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Main Authors: Shyam Balasubramanian, Nicole K Y Tang, Sakari Lemola, Kristy Themelis, Swaran Preet Singh, Jenna L Gillett, Paige Karadag, Yu-Mei Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2023-02-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/2/e066577.full
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author Shyam Balasubramanian
Nicole K Y Tang
Sakari Lemola
Kristy Themelis
Swaran Preet Singh
Jenna L Gillett
Paige Karadag
Yu-Mei Li
author_facet Shyam Balasubramanian
Nicole K Y Tang
Sakari Lemola
Kristy Themelis
Swaran Preet Singh
Jenna L Gillett
Paige Karadag
Yu-Mei Li
author_sort Shyam Balasubramanian
collection DOAJ
description Introduction Previous qualitative and cross-sectional research has identified a strong sense of mental defeat in people with chronic pain who also experience the greatest levels of distress and disability. This study will adopt a longitudinal experience sampling design to examine the within-person link between the sense of mental defeat and distress and disability associated with chronic pain.Methods and analysis We aim to recruit 198 participants (aged 18–65 years) with chronic pain, to complete two waves of experience sampling over 1 week, 6 months apart (time 1 and time 2). During each wave of experience sampling, the participants are asked to complete three short online surveys per day, to provide in-the-moment ratings of mental defeat, pain, medication usage, physical and social activity, stress, mood, self-compassion, and attention using visual analogue scales. Sleep and physical activity will be measured using a daily diary as well as with wrist actigraphy worn continuously by participants throughout each wave. Linear mixed models and Gaussian graphical models will be fit to the data to: (1) examine the within-person, day-to-day association of mental defeat with outcomes (ie, pain, physical/social activity, medication use and sleep), (2) examine the dynamic temporal and contemporaneous networks of mental defeat with all outcomes and the hypothesised mechanisms of outcomes (ie, perceived stress, mood, attention and self-compassion).Ethics and dissemination The current protocol has been approved by the Health Research Authority and West Midlands—Solihull Research Ethics Committee (Reference Number: 17/WM0053). The study is being conducted in adherence with the Declaration of Helsinki, Warwick Standard Operating Procedures and applicable UK legislation.
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spelling doaj-art-0a5ed9574c8f49de890e6e11446e4dd12025-08-20T02:58:07ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552023-02-0113210.1136/bmjopen-2022-066577Investigating mental defeat in individuals with chronic pain: Protocol for a longitudinal experience sampling studyShyam Balasubramanian0Nicole K Y Tang1Sakari Lemola2Kristy Themelis3Swaran Preet Singh4Jenna L Gillett5Paige Karadag6Yu-Mei Li7University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UKDepartment of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKDepartment of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany1University of Sussex, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United KingdomMental Health and Wellbeing, University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UKDepartment of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKDepartment of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKDepartment of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, GermanyIntroduction Previous qualitative and cross-sectional research has identified a strong sense of mental defeat in people with chronic pain who also experience the greatest levels of distress and disability. This study will adopt a longitudinal experience sampling design to examine the within-person link between the sense of mental defeat and distress and disability associated with chronic pain.Methods and analysis We aim to recruit 198 participants (aged 18–65 years) with chronic pain, to complete two waves of experience sampling over 1 week, 6 months apart (time 1 and time 2). During each wave of experience sampling, the participants are asked to complete three short online surveys per day, to provide in-the-moment ratings of mental defeat, pain, medication usage, physical and social activity, stress, mood, self-compassion, and attention using visual analogue scales. Sleep and physical activity will be measured using a daily diary as well as with wrist actigraphy worn continuously by participants throughout each wave. Linear mixed models and Gaussian graphical models will be fit to the data to: (1) examine the within-person, day-to-day association of mental defeat with outcomes (ie, pain, physical/social activity, medication use and sleep), (2) examine the dynamic temporal and contemporaneous networks of mental defeat with all outcomes and the hypothesised mechanisms of outcomes (ie, perceived stress, mood, attention and self-compassion).Ethics and dissemination The current protocol has been approved by the Health Research Authority and West Midlands—Solihull Research Ethics Committee (Reference Number: 17/WM0053). The study is being conducted in adherence with the Declaration of Helsinki, Warwick Standard Operating Procedures and applicable UK legislation.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/2/e066577.full
spellingShingle Shyam Balasubramanian
Nicole K Y Tang
Sakari Lemola
Kristy Themelis
Swaran Preet Singh
Jenna L Gillett
Paige Karadag
Yu-Mei Li
Investigating mental defeat in individuals with chronic pain: Protocol for a longitudinal experience sampling study
BMJ Open
title Investigating mental defeat in individuals with chronic pain: Protocol for a longitudinal experience sampling study
title_full Investigating mental defeat in individuals with chronic pain: Protocol for a longitudinal experience sampling study
title_fullStr Investigating mental defeat in individuals with chronic pain: Protocol for a longitudinal experience sampling study
title_full_unstemmed Investigating mental defeat in individuals with chronic pain: Protocol for a longitudinal experience sampling study
title_short Investigating mental defeat in individuals with chronic pain: Protocol for a longitudinal experience sampling study
title_sort investigating mental defeat in individuals with chronic pain protocol for a longitudinal experience sampling study
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/13/2/e066577.full
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