Epigenetic modulation by life–style: advances in diet, exercise, and mindfulness for disease prevention and health optimization

Socio-economic and environmental factors significantly influence health by driving epigenetic changes that alter genetic expression and impact disease prevention. Lifestyle elements such as diet, exercise, mindfulness, and environmental exposure play crucial roles in modulating these mechanisms. A s...

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Main Authors: José Ostaiza-Cardenas, Andrea C. Tobar, Stefany Carolina Costa, Diana Sofia Calero, Alisson López-Carrera, Fátima German Bermúdez, Andrea Orellana-Manzano
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1632999/full
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author José Ostaiza-Cardenas
Andrea C. Tobar
Stefany Carolina Costa
Diana Sofia Calero
Alisson López-Carrera
Fátima German Bermúdez
Fátima German Bermúdez
Andrea Orellana-Manzano
Andrea Orellana-Manzano
author_facet José Ostaiza-Cardenas
Andrea C. Tobar
Stefany Carolina Costa
Diana Sofia Calero
Alisson López-Carrera
Fátima German Bermúdez
Fátima German Bermúdez
Andrea Orellana-Manzano
Andrea Orellana-Manzano
author_sort José Ostaiza-Cardenas
collection DOAJ
description Socio-economic and environmental factors significantly influence health by driving epigenetic changes that alter genetic expression and impact disease prevention. Lifestyle elements such as diet, exercise, mindfulness, and environmental exposure play crucial roles in modulating these mechanisms. A systematic review of studies from the past 13 years, conducted under PRISMA guidelines, examined interventions, epigenetic outcomes, and health impacts. Mindfulness practices, particularly meditation, were found to regulate DNA methylation, reducing stress and inflammation. Dietary interventions, such as the Mediterranean and DASH diets, enhanced health biomarkers and slowed epigenetic aging through favorable DNA methylation. Physical activities, such as high-intensity interval training and hybrid training, induced epigenetic modifications, improving metabolic function, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin sensitivity. These findings emphasize the importance of adopting modern lifestyle choices to promote health and prevent chronic diseases by influencing gene expression. Combining mindfulness, balanced diets, and regular physical activity offers substantial benefits for metabolic, cardiovascular, and mental health. However, more research is needed to understand the long-term effects of lifestyle factors on epigenetics and to develop personalized strategies that optimize disease prevention and overall wellbeing.
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spelling doaj-art-0a58444ddc7d4792a6906ad6570d73812025-08-21T05:27:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-08-011210.3389/fnut.2025.16329991632999Epigenetic modulation by life–style: advances in diet, exercise, and mindfulness for disease prevention and health optimizationJosé Ostaiza-Cardenas0Andrea C. Tobar1Stefany Carolina Costa2Diana Sofia Calero3Alisson López-Carrera4Fátima German Bermúdez5Fátima German Bermúdez6Andrea Orellana-Manzano7Andrea Orellana-Manzano8School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Faculty, Universidad de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, EcuadorSchool of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, EcuadorSchool of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, EcuadorSchool of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, EcuadorSchool of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, EcuadorLaboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, EcuadorFacultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, EcuadorLaboratorio para Investigaciones Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, EcuadorFacultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, EcuadorSocio-economic and environmental factors significantly influence health by driving epigenetic changes that alter genetic expression and impact disease prevention. Lifestyle elements such as diet, exercise, mindfulness, and environmental exposure play crucial roles in modulating these mechanisms. A systematic review of studies from the past 13 years, conducted under PRISMA guidelines, examined interventions, epigenetic outcomes, and health impacts. Mindfulness practices, particularly meditation, were found to regulate DNA methylation, reducing stress and inflammation. Dietary interventions, such as the Mediterranean and DASH diets, enhanced health biomarkers and slowed epigenetic aging through favorable DNA methylation. Physical activities, such as high-intensity interval training and hybrid training, induced epigenetic modifications, improving metabolic function, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin sensitivity. These findings emphasize the importance of adopting modern lifestyle choices to promote health and prevent chronic diseases by influencing gene expression. Combining mindfulness, balanced diets, and regular physical activity offers substantial benefits for metabolic, cardiovascular, and mental health. However, more research is needed to understand the long-term effects of lifestyle factors on epigenetics and to develop personalized strategies that optimize disease prevention and overall wellbeing.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1632999/fullepigenetic mechanismsmindfulnessnutritionphysical activityhealthDNA methylation
spellingShingle José Ostaiza-Cardenas
Andrea C. Tobar
Stefany Carolina Costa
Diana Sofia Calero
Alisson López-Carrera
Fátima German Bermúdez
Fátima German Bermúdez
Andrea Orellana-Manzano
Andrea Orellana-Manzano
Epigenetic modulation by life–style: advances in diet, exercise, and mindfulness for disease prevention and health optimization
Frontiers in Nutrition
epigenetic mechanisms
mindfulness
nutrition
physical activity
health
DNA methylation
title Epigenetic modulation by life–style: advances in diet, exercise, and mindfulness for disease prevention and health optimization
title_full Epigenetic modulation by life–style: advances in diet, exercise, and mindfulness for disease prevention and health optimization
title_fullStr Epigenetic modulation by life–style: advances in diet, exercise, and mindfulness for disease prevention and health optimization
title_full_unstemmed Epigenetic modulation by life–style: advances in diet, exercise, and mindfulness for disease prevention and health optimization
title_short Epigenetic modulation by life–style: advances in diet, exercise, and mindfulness for disease prevention and health optimization
title_sort epigenetic modulation by life style advances in diet exercise and mindfulness for disease prevention and health optimization
topic epigenetic mechanisms
mindfulness
nutrition
physical activity
health
DNA methylation
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1632999/full
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