Detection of Sarcocystis parasites in environmental samples from Lithuanian farms

Most studies on apicomplexan Sarcocystis spp. in domestic animals have primarily focused on examining animal carcasses using both morphological and molecular methods. However, to accurately assess the risk of Sarcocystis infections in livestock and to develop effective prevention strategies, it is e...

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Main Authors: Agnė Baranauskaitė, Petras Prakas, Modestas Petrauskas, Selene Rubiola, Elena Servienė, Živilė Strazdaitė-Žielienė
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Food and Waterborne Parasitology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676625000149
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author Agnė Baranauskaitė
Petras Prakas
Modestas Petrauskas
Selene Rubiola
Elena Servienė
Živilė Strazdaitė-Žielienė
author_facet Agnė Baranauskaitė
Petras Prakas
Modestas Petrauskas
Selene Rubiola
Elena Servienė
Živilė Strazdaitė-Žielienė
author_sort Agnė Baranauskaitė
collection DOAJ
description Most studies on apicomplexan Sarcocystis spp. in domestic animals have primarily focused on examining animal carcasses using both morphological and molecular methods. However, to accurately assess the risk of Sarcocystis infections in livestock and to develop effective prevention strategies, it is essential to investigate the environmental reservoirs of these parasites. The aim of this study was to identify Sarcocystis species with domestic animals as intermediate hosts by analysing environmental samples (water, hay, and soil) collected from Lithuanian farms and to compare their occurrence across different sample types. In total, 90 environmental samples were collected over 3 years and analysed for the presence of Sarcocystis spp. using nested polymerase chain reactions targeting the cox1 gene. The results indicated that livestock are most likely to acquire infections via the ingestion of contaminated water or feed, while soil posed a lower risk of transmission. An assessment of species distribution across sampled farms revealed that the type of livestock raised did not influence the diversity of Sarcocystis spp. Notably, at least six of seven target species (S. arieticanis, S. bertrami, S. bovifelis, S. capracanis, S. cruzi, S. miescheriana, S. tenella) were detected at least once on eight of 10 farms. Additionally, two zoonotic Sarcocystis species, S. hominis and S. suihominis, were identified in environmental samples. This study emphasises the potential risk of livestock infection through contaminated environmental and feed sources and highlights the critical role of environmental monitoring in preventing the transmission of Sarcocystis spp. to farm animals.
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spelling doaj-art-0a53eb2e8c1d4b0dbf3c6a79a20d31542025-08-20T03:24:34ZengElsevierFood and Waterborne Parasitology2405-67662025-06-0139e0026710.1016/j.fawpar.2025.e00267Detection of Sarcocystis parasites in environmental samples from Lithuanian farmsAgnė Baranauskaitė0Petras Prakas1Modestas Petrauskas2Selene Rubiola3Elena Servienė4Živilė Strazdaitė-Žielienė5State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos st. 2, Vilnius 08412, Lithuania; Corresponding author.State Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos st. 2, Vilnius 08412, LithuaniaState Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos st. 2, Vilnius 08412, LithuaniaDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Torino 10095, ItalyState Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos st. 2, Vilnius 08412, LithuaniaState Scientific Research Institute Nature Research Centre, Akademijos st. 2, Vilnius 08412, LithuaniaMost studies on apicomplexan Sarcocystis spp. in domestic animals have primarily focused on examining animal carcasses using both morphological and molecular methods. However, to accurately assess the risk of Sarcocystis infections in livestock and to develop effective prevention strategies, it is essential to investigate the environmental reservoirs of these parasites. The aim of this study was to identify Sarcocystis species with domestic animals as intermediate hosts by analysing environmental samples (water, hay, and soil) collected from Lithuanian farms and to compare their occurrence across different sample types. In total, 90 environmental samples were collected over 3 years and analysed for the presence of Sarcocystis spp. using nested polymerase chain reactions targeting the cox1 gene. The results indicated that livestock are most likely to acquire infections via the ingestion of contaminated water or feed, while soil posed a lower risk of transmission. An assessment of species distribution across sampled farms revealed that the type of livestock raised did not influence the diversity of Sarcocystis spp. Notably, at least six of seven target species (S. arieticanis, S. bertrami, S. bovifelis, S. capracanis, S. cruzi, S. miescheriana, S. tenella) were detected at least once on eight of 10 farms. Additionally, two zoonotic Sarcocystis species, S. hominis and S. suihominis, were identified in environmental samples. This study emphasises the potential risk of livestock infection through contaminated environmental and feed sources and highlights the critical role of environmental monitoring in preventing the transmission of Sarcocystis spp. to farm animals.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676625000149SarcocystisEnvironmental samplesZoonotic transmissionMolecular detectioncox1
spellingShingle Agnė Baranauskaitė
Petras Prakas
Modestas Petrauskas
Selene Rubiola
Elena Servienė
Živilė Strazdaitė-Žielienė
Detection of Sarcocystis parasites in environmental samples from Lithuanian farms
Food and Waterborne Parasitology
Sarcocystis
Environmental samples
Zoonotic transmission
Molecular detection
cox1
title Detection of Sarcocystis parasites in environmental samples from Lithuanian farms
title_full Detection of Sarcocystis parasites in environmental samples from Lithuanian farms
title_fullStr Detection of Sarcocystis parasites in environmental samples from Lithuanian farms
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Sarcocystis parasites in environmental samples from Lithuanian farms
title_short Detection of Sarcocystis parasites in environmental samples from Lithuanian farms
title_sort detection of sarcocystis parasites in environmental samples from lithuanian farms
topic Sarcocystis
Environmental samples
Zoonotic transmission
Molecular detection
cox1
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405676625000149
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AT modestaspetrauskas detectionofsarcocystisparasitesinenvironmentalsamplesfromlithuanianfarms
AT selenerubiola detectionofsarcocystisparasitesinenvironmentalsamplesfromlithuanianfarms
AT elenaserviene detectionofsarcocystisparasitesinenvironmentalsamplesfromlithuanianfarms
AT zivilestrazdaitezieliene detectionofsarcocystisparasitesinenvironmentalsamplesfromlithuanianfarms