Ocular biometric parameters in Chinese preschool children and physiological axial length growth prediction using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Objectives To examine the ocular biometric parameters and predict the annual growth rate of the physiological axial length (AL) in Chinese preschool children aged 4–6 years old.Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1090 kindergarten students (1090 right eyes) between the ages of...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2024-12-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/12/e084891.full |
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| author | Yan Li Kai Wang Tao Tang Heng Zhao Jingwei Zhou Mingwei Zhao Duanke Liu Xuewei Li Xiaoqing Shi Jiahui Ma Chenxu Zhao |
| author_facet | Yan Li Kai Wang Tao Tang Heng Zhao Jingwei Zhou Mingwei Zhao Duanke Liu Xuewei Li Xiaoqing Shi Jiahui Ma Chenxu Zhao |
| author_sort | Yan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives To examine the ocular biometric parameters and predict the annual growth rate of the physiological axial length (AL) in Chinese preschool children aged 4–6 years old.Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1090 kindergarten students (1090 right eyes) between the ages of 4 and 6 years from Pinggu and Chaoyang District, Beijing. Dioptre values were ascertained following cycloplegic autorefraction. Predicted AL was obtained through the application of the Gaussian process regression model as an optimisation technique. Subsequently, the annual growth rate of physiological AL for non-myopic preschool children (n=1061) was computed via the backward difference method.Results In total, 85.4% of preschool children (931 individuals) had hyperopic refractive status in the 4–6 years age group, while only 2.7% (29 individuals) showed myopia. Boys had longer AL, larger AL-to-corneal radius ratio, deeper anterior chamber depth and lower lens power. The average physiological axial growth for boys and girls ranged from 0.050 mm/year to 0.165 mm/year and 0.063 mm/year to 0.168 mm/year, respectively. As age increased, the physiological AL growth in non-myopic cases decreased. Additionally, as hyperopic spherical equivalent refraction error lessened, the physiological AL growth component slowed down.Conclusions In preschool children, refractive development predominantly exhibits mild hyperopia. The concept of physiological AL provides valuable insights into the complexities of ocular development. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0a534b32ac864e9480ddbf7264d557342025-01-14T14:10:12ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552024-12-01141210.1136/bmjopen-2024-084891Ocular biometric parameters in Chinese preschool children and physiological axial length growth prediction using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective cross-sectional studyYan Li0Kai Wang1Tao Tang2Heng Zhao3Jingwei Zhou4Mingwei Zhao5Duanke Liu6Xuewei Li7Xiaoqing Shi8Jiahui Ma9Chenxu Zhao10Core Facility Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China1 Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People`s Hospital, Beijing, China2 Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China1 Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People`s Hospital, Beijing, China5 Beijing Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, Beijing, China1 Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People`s Hospital, Beijing, China1 Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People`s Hospital, Beijing, China1 Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People`s Hospital, Beijing, China1 Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People`s Hospital, Beijing, China1 Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People`s Hospital, Beijing, China1 Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Centre of Optometry, Peking University People`s Hospital, Beijing, ChinaObjectives To examine the ocular biometric parameters and predict the annual growth rate of the physiological axial length (AL) in Chinese preschool children aged 4–6 years old.Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study included 1090 kindergarten students (1090 right eyes) between the ages of 4 and 6 years from Pinggu and Chaoyang District, Beijing. Dioptre values were ascertained following cycloplegic autorefraction. Predicted AL was obtained through the application of the Gaussian process regression model as an optimisation technique. Subsequently, the annual growth rate of physiological AL for non-myopic preschool children (n=1061) was computed via the backward difference method.Results In total, 85.4% of preschool children (931 individuals) had hyperopic refractive status in the 4–6 years age group, while only 2.7% (29 individuals) showed myopia. Boys had longer AL, larger AL-to-corneal radius ratio, deeper anterior chamber depth and lower lens power. The average physiological axial growth for boys and girls ranged from 0.050 mm/year to 0.165 mm/year and 0.063 mm/year to 0.168 mm/year, respectively. As age increased, the physiological AL growth in non-myopic cases decreased. Additionally, as hyperopic spherical equivalent refraction error lessened, the physiological AL growth component slowed down.Conclusions In preschool children, refractive development predominantly exhibits mild hyperopia. The concept of physiological AL provides valuable insights into the complexities of ocular development.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/12/e084891.full |
| spellingShingle | Yan Li Kai Wang Tao Tang Heng Zhao Jingwei Zhou Mingwei Zhao Duanke Liu Xuewei Li Xiaoqing Shi Jiahui Ma Chenxu Zhao Ocular biometric parameters in Chinese preschool children and physiological axial length growth prediction using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective cross-sectional study BMJ Open |
| title | Ocular biometric parameters in Chinese preschool children and physiological axial length growth prediction using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Ocular biometric parameters in Chinese preschool children and physiological axial length growth prediction using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Ocular biometric parameters in Chinese preschool children and physiological axial length growth prediction using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ocular biometric parameters in Chinese preschool children and physiological axial length growth prediction using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Ocular biometric parameters in Chinese preschool children and physiological axial length growth prediction using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | ocular biometric parameters in chinese preschool children and physiological axial length growth prediction using machine learning algorithms a retrospective cross sectional study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/14/12/e084891.full |
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