Model Predictive Control-Based Energy Management System for Cooperative Optimization of Grid-Connected Microgrids

This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC)-based energy management system (EMS) for optimizing cooperative operation of networked microgrids (MGs). While the isolated operation of individual MGs limits system-wide optimization, the proposed approach enhances both stability and efficiency t...

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Main Authors: Sungmin Lim, Jaekyu Lee, Sangyub Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1696
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author Sungmin Lim
Jaekyu Lee
Sangyub Lee
author_facet Sungmin Lim
Jaekyu Lee
Sangyub Lee
author_sort Sungmin Lim
collection DOAJ
description This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC)-based energy management system (EMS) for optimizing cooperative operation of networked microgrids (MGs). While the isolated operation of individual MGs limits system-wide optimization, the proposed approach enhances both stability and efficiency through integrated control. The system employs mixed-integer quadratic constrained programming (MIQCP) to model complex operational characteristics of MGs, facilitating the optimization of interactions among distributed energy resources (DERs) and power exchange within the MG network. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated through a series of case studies. First, the performance of the algorithm was evaluated under various weather conditions. Second, its robustness against prediction errors was tested by comparing scenarios with and without disturbance prediction. Finally, the cooperative operation of MGs was compared with the independent operation of a single MG to analyze the impact of the cooperative approach on performance improvement. Quantitatively, integrating predictions reduced operating costs by 19.23% compared to the case without predictions, while increasing costs by approximately 3.7% compared to perfect predictions. Additionally, cooperative MG operation resulted in an average 46.18% reduction in external resource usage compared to independent operation. These results were verified through simulations conducted on a modified version of the IEEE 33-bus test feeder.
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spelling doaj-art-0a499784002d49cfbe077a52cdeff0652025-08-20T03:06:31ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-03-01187169610.3390/en18071696Model Predictive Control-Based Energy Management System for Cooperative Optimization of Grid-Connected MicrogridsSungmin Lim0Jaekyu Lee1Sangyub Lee2Energy IT Convergence Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaEnergy IT Convergence Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaEnergy IT Convergence Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, 25 Saenari-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13509, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaThis paper presents a model predictive control (MPC)-based energy management system (EMS) for optimizing cooperative operation of networked microgrids (MGs). While the isolated operation of individual MGs limits system-wide optimization, the proposed approach enhances both stability and efficiency through integrated control. The system employs mixed-integer quadratic constrained programming (MIQCP) to model complex operational characteristics of MGs, facilitating the optimization of interactions among distributed energy resources (DERs) and power exchange within the MG network. The effectiveness of the proposed method was validated through a series of case studies. First, the performance of the algorithm was evaluated under various weather conditions. Second, its robustness against prediction errors was tested by comparing scenarios with and without disturbance prediction. Finally, the cooperative operation of MGs was compared with the independent operation of a single MG to analyze the impact of the cooperative approach on performance improvement. Quantitatively, integrating predictions reduced operating costs by 19.23% compared to the case without predictions, while increasing costs by approximately 3.7% compared to perfect predictions. Additionally, cooperative MG operation resulted in an average 46.18% reduction in external resource usage compared to independent operation. These results were verified through simulations conducted on a modified version of the IEEE 33-bus test feeder.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1696model predictive controlenergy management systemrenewable energydistributed energy resourcesmixed-integer quadratically constrained programming
spellingShingle Sungmin Lim
Jaekyu Lee
Sangyub Lee
Model Predictive Control-Based Energy Management System for Cooperative Optimization of Grid-Connected Microgrids
Energies
model predictive control
energy management system
renewable energy
distributed energy resources
mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming
title Model Predictive Control-Based Energy Management System for Cooperative Optimization of Grid-Connected Microgrids
title_full Model Predictive Control-Based Energy Management System for Cooperative Optimization of Grid-Connected Microgrids
title_fullStr Model Predictive Control-Based Energy Management System for Cooperative Optimization of Grid-Connected Microgrids
title_full_unstemmed Model Predictive Control-Based Energy Management System for Cooperative Optimization of Grid-Connected Microgrids
title_short Model Predictive Control-Based Energy Management System for Cooperative Optimization of Grid-Connected Microgrids
title_sort model predictive control based energy management system for cooperative optimization of grid connected microgrids
topic model predictive control
energy management system
renewable energy
distributed energy resources
mixed-integer quadratically constrained programming
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/7/1696
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AT sangyublee modelpredictivecontrolbasedenergymanagementsystemforcooperativeoptimizationofgridconnectedmicrogrids