Recurrent Jetlets Associated with the Disappearance of a Satellite Spot

Recurrent small-scale eruptions are fascinating phenomena in the solar atmosphere, characterized by repeated energy buildup and release over short time intervals. However, their underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. On 2021 May 23, five recurrent jetlets (J1-J5) were observed continuously e...

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Main Authors: Liheng Yang, Xiaoli Yan, Jun Zhang, Zhike Xue, Zhe Xu, Jincheng Wang, Yijun Hou, Yian Zhou, Defang Kong, Roslan Umar, Xinsheng Zhang, Qiaoling Li, Liping Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:The Astrophysical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addac1
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author Liheng Yang
Xiaoli Yan
Jun Zhang
Zhike Xue
Zhe Xu
Jincheng Wang
Yijun Hou
Yian Zhou
Defang Kong
Roslan Umar
Xinsheng Zhang
Qiaoling Li
Liping Yang
author_facet Liheng Yang
Xiaoli Yan
Jun Zhang
Zhike Xue
Zhe Xu
Jincheng Wang
Yijun Hou
Yian Zhou
Defang Kong
Roslan Umar
Xinsheng Zhang
Qiaoling Li
Liping Yang
author_sort Liheng Yang
collection DOAJ
description Recurrent small-scale eruptions are fascinating phenomena in the solar atmosphere, characterized by repeated energy buildup and release over short time intervals. However, their underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. On 2021 May 23, five recurrent jetlets (J1-J5) were observed continuously ejecting from a satellite spot located at the north edge of AR 12824. Using high-resolution, multiwavelength data from NVST, Solar Dynamics Observatory, and IRIS, we investigate the physical characteristics of these jetlets and their relationship with the satellite spot. The widths of these jetlets range from 1300 to 2900 km, their lifetimes range span 3–10 minutes, and their projection speeds vary from 152.8 to 406.0 km s ^−1 . During the eruptions, the satellite spot moved northwest at a low speed of 376 ± 12 m s ^−1 . Its area gradually decreased due to magnetic cancellation with the surrounding positive magnetic field, resulting in an average cancellation rate of 1.3 × 10 ^18 Mx hr ^−1 . Dark lanes that separated from the satellite spot and small pores were observed to move toward nearby these features or dark lanes with opposite polarities, eventually disappearing during the magnetic cancellation process. J4 was driven by an eruption of a microfilament. Spectral observations revealed a redshift on the right side of J4 and a blueshift on the left side of its base, suggesting a counterclockwise rotation. The horizontal magnetic field of the satellite spot consistently exhibited a vortex structure throughout its evolution until it vanished. The nonlinear force-free field extrapolation confirms that the satellite spot serves as one footpoint of a mini-flux rope. These observations reveal that these jetlets might result from three-dimensional null-point magnetic reconnection, initiated by the continuous eruption of a mini-flux rope or multiple mini-flux ropes, driven by sustained magnetic cancellation.
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spelling doaj-art-0a46760cdfea41a1985a9a3fb131f97b2025-08-20T03:33:43ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-01987219310.3847/1538-4357/addac1Recurrent Jetlets Associated with the Disappearance of a Satellite SpotLiheng Yang0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0236-2243Xiaoli Yan1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2891-6267Jun Zhang2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-6931Zhike Xue3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6526-5363Zhe Xu4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9121-9686Jincheng Wang5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4393-9731Yijun Hou6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9534-1638Yian Zhou7Defang Kong8Roslan Umar9Xinsheng Zhang10Qiaoling Li11https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2045-8994Liping Yang12Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ; yangliheng@ynao.ac.cn; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ​Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ; yangliheng@ynao.ac.cn; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ​School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering, Anhui University , Hefei 230601, People’s Republic of ChinaYunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ; yangliheng@ynao.ac.cn; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ​Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ; yangliheng@ynao.ac.cn; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ​Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ; yangliheng@ynao.ac.cn; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ​National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People’s Republic of ChinaYunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ; yangliheng@ynao.ac.cn; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ​Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ; yangliheng@ynao.ac.cn; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ​East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI), Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin , 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, MalaysiaYunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ; yangliheng@ynao.ac.cn; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Solar Physics and Space Science , Kunming 650216, People’s Republic of China ​Department of Physics, Yunnan University , Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Physics, Electrical and Energy Engineering, Chuxiong Normal University , Chuxiong 675000, People’s Republic of ChinaRecurrent small-scale eruptions are fascinating phenomena in the solar atmosphere, characterized by repeated energy buildup and release over short time intervals. However, their underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. On 2021 May 23, five recurrent jetlets (J1-J5) were observed continuously ejecting from a satellite spot located at the north edge of AR 12824. Using high-resolution, multiwavelength data from NVST, Solar Dynamics Observatory, and IRIS, we investigate the physical characteristics of these jetlets and their relationship with the satellite spot. The widths of these jetlets range from 1300 to 2900 km, their lifetimes range span 3–10 minutes, and their projection speeds vary from 152.8 to 406.0 km s ^−1 . During the eruptions, the satellite spot moved northwest at a low speed of 376 ± 12 m s ^−1 . Its area gradually decreased due to magnetic cancellation with the surrounding positive magnetic field, resulting in an average cancellation rate of 1.3 × 10 ^18 Mx hr ^−1 . Dark lanes that separated from the satellite spot and small pores were observed to move toward nearby these features or dark lanes with opposite polarities, eventually disappearing during the magnetic cancellation process. J4 was driven by an eruption of a microfilament. Spectral observations revealed a redshift on the right side of J4 and a blueshift on the left side of its base, suggesting a counterclockwise rotation. The horizontal magnetic field of the satellite spot consistently exhibited a vortex structure throughout its evolution until it vanished. The nonlinear force-free field extrapolation confirms that the satellite spot serves as one footpoint of a mini-flux rope. These observations reveal that these jetlets might result from three-dimensional null-point magnetic reconnection, initiated by the continuous eruption of a mini-flux rope or multiple mini-flux ropes, driven by sustained magnetic cancellation.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addac1Solar activityFilamentary nebulaeSolar filamentsSolar magnetic fieldsActive solar coronaSolar corona
spellingShingle Liheng Yang
Xiaoli Yan
Jun Zhang
Zhike Xue
Zhe Xu
Jincheng Wang
Yijun Hou
Yian Zhou
Defang Kong
Roslan Umar
Xinsheng Zhang
Qiaoling Li
Liping Yang
Recurrent Jetlets Associated with the Disappearance of a Satellite Spot
The Astrophysical Journal
Solar activity
Filamentary nebulae
Solar filaments
Solar magnetic fields
Active solar corona
Solar corona
title Recurrent Jetlets Associated with the Disappearance of a Satellite Spot
title_full Recurrent Jetlets Associated with the Disappearance of a Satellite Spot
title_fullStr Recurrent Jetlets Associated with the Disappearance of a Satellite Spot
title_full_unstemmed Recurrent Jetlets Associated with the Disappearance of a Satellite Spot
title_short Recurrent Jetlets Associated with the Disappearance of a Satellite Spot
title_sort recurrent jetlets associated with the disappearance of a satellite spot
topic Solar activity
Filamentary nebulae
Solar filaments
Solar magnetic fields
Active solar corona
Solar corona
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addac1
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