Systematic development and refinement of a user-centered evidence-based digital toolkit for supporting self-care in gestational diabetes mellitus

Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication affecting many women, requiring changes in behaviours, which command them to learn self-care practices shortly. Digital interventions have been developed to support women with GDM. However, they have often overlooked women’s ne...

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Main Authors: Maria Lua Nunes, Beatriz Félix, Francisco Nunes, Inês Santos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96318-7
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author Maria Lua Nunes
Beatriz Félix
Francisco Nunes
Inês Santos
author_facet Maria Lua Nunes
Beatriz Félix
Francisco Nunes
Inês Santos
author_sort Maria Lua Nunes
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication affecting many women, requiring changes in behaviours, which command them to learn self-care practices shortly. Digital interventions have been developed to support women with GDM. However, they have often overlooked women’s needs and characteristics and failed to frame self-care theories into their design. To address this issue, we adopted a mixed methods approach to develop and refine a user-centred, evidence-based digital Toolkit for supporting self-care in GDM, providing behavioural and educational content, particularly about nutrition. To inform the development and refinement of the Toolkit, we conducted a literature review, observed sixty-six nutrition appointments, interviewed eleven dietitians and seventeen patients, and held co-creation sessions with two dietitians, all of which were analysed using a deductive Thematic Analysis. To validate the Toolkit, we conducted a survey with seventeen healthcare professionals, which was analysed using descriptive statistics. The final version of the NUTRIA Toolkit consists of four main modules with thirty-eight artefacts, including behavioural tools to assist women in GDM management. Despite some limitations, this study robustly endorsed the development and refinement of a user-centred, evidence-based Toolkit for supporting self-care in GDM, aiming for future feasibility and trial testing.
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spelling doaj-art-0a1d2b075cc744edbbed0c61be813fcb2025-08-20T03:45:27ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-96318-7Systematic development and refinement of a user-centered evidence-based digital toolkit for supporting self-care in gestational diabetes mellitusMaria Lua Nunes0Beatriz Félix1Francisco Nunes2Inês Santos3Fraunhofer Portugal AICOSFraunhofer Portugal AICOSFraunhofer Portugal AICOSInstituto de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de LisboaAbstract Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a pregnancy complication affecting many women, requiring changes in behaviours, which command them to learn self-care practices shortly. Digital interventions have been developed to support women with GDM. However, they have often overlooked women’s needs and characteristics and failed to frame self-care theories into their design. To address this issue, we adopted a mixed methods approach to develop and refine a user-centred, evidence-based digital Toolkit for supporting self-care in GDM, providing behavioural and educational content, particularly about nutrition. To inform the development and refinement of the Toolkit, we conducted a literature review, observed sixty-six nutrition appointments, interviewed eleven dietitians and seventeen patients, and held co-creation sessions with two dietitians, all of which were analysed using a deductive Thematic Analysis. To validate the Toolkit, we conducted a survey with seventeen healthcare professionals, which was analysed using descriptive statistics. The final version of the NUTRIA Toolkit consists of four main modules with thirty-eight artefacts, including behavioural tools to assist women in GDM management. Despite some limitations, this study robustly endorsed the development and refinement of a user-centred, evidence-based Toolkit for supporting self-care in GDM, aiming for future feasibility and trial testing.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96318-7PregnancyBehaviour changeHealth educationNutritionmHealthInformation and communication technologies
spellingShingle Maria Lua Nunes
Beatriz Félix
Francisco Nunes
Inês Santos
Systematic development and refinement of a user-centered evidence-based digital toolkit for supporting self-care in gestational diabetes mellitus
Scientific Reports
Pregnancy
Behaviour change
Health education
Nutrition
mHealth
Information and communication technologies
title Systematic development and refinement of a user-centered evidence-based digital toolkit for supporting self-care in gestational diabetes mellitus
title_full Systematic development and refinement of a user-centered evidence-based digital toolkit for supporting self-care in gestational diabetes mellitus
title_fullStr Systematic development and refinement of a user-centered evidence-based digital toolkit for supporting self-care in gestational diabetes mellitus
title_full_unstemmed Systematic development and refinement of a user-centered evidence-based digital toolkit for supporting self-care in gestational diabetes mellitus
title_short Systematic development and refinement of a user-centered evidence-based digital toolkit for supporting self-care in gestational diabetes mellitus
title_sort systematic development and refinement of a user centered evidence based digital toolkit for supporting self care in gestational diabetes mellitus
topic Pregnancy
Behaviour change
Health education
Nutrition
mHealth
Information and communication technologies
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-96318-7
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