Cross-sectional biomonitoring of urinary deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and zearalenone in Japanese adults

Background: Among the more than 300 mycotoxins that are known to have toxic effects on animals and humans, Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2 toxins (T2/HT2), and zearalenone (ZEN) are frequently detected in domestic agricultural products. This study aimed to assess DON, T2/HT2, and...

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Main Authors: Toshiki Tajima, Tomohiko Isobe, Isao Saito, Takaaki Kondo, Koji Suzuki, Ryosuke Fujii, Yoshiki Tsuboi, Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi, Jun Ueyama
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Komiyama Printing Co. Ltd 2025-03-01
Series:Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ehpm/30/0/30_24-00245/_html/-char/en
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author Toshiki Tajima
Tomohiko Isobe
Isao Saito
Takaaki Kondo
Koji Suzuki
Ryosuke Fujii
Yoshiki Tsuboi
Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi
Jun Ueyama
author_facet Toshiki Tajima
Tomohiko Isobe
Isao Saito
Takaaki Kondo
Koji Suzuki
Ryosuke Fujii
Yoshiki Tsuboi
Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi
Jun Ueyama
author_sort Toshiki Tajima
collection DOAJ
description Background: Among the more than 300 mycotoxins that are known to have toxic effects on animals and humans, Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2 toxins (T2/HT2), and zearalenone (ZEN) are frequently detected in domestic agricultural products. This study aimed to assess DON, T2/HT2, and ZEN exposure in Japanese adults by measuring urinary mycotoxins, observing their distributions, and making comparisons with data from other countries. Methods: A total of 201 individuals participated in the study. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected from young adults (34 men and 35 women) in the Tokai region (urban area) and spot urine samples were collected from middle-aged and elderly adults (64 men and 68 women) in the Donan area of Hokkaido Prefecture (rural area). Urinary DON, T2/HT2, and ZEN levels were measured using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Results: For DON, T2/HT2, and ZEN, the detection frequencies above the limit of detection (LOD) level (0.15, 0.13, and 0.01 µg/L, respectively) in all the samples were 53%, 26%, and 71%, respectively. The median concentrations (95th percentile) of urinary DON, HT2, and ZEN were 0.19 (3.93), <LOD (0.55), and 0.02 (0.12) µg/L, respectively. Although at least one of the investigated mycotoxins was detected in the urine of 86% of study participants, the concentrations were similar to or lower than those found in other countries (from 19 reports within the past decade). Moreover, the probable daily intake (PDI) values in the present study were lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake levels. The urinary mycotoxin levels did not significantly differ with respect to sex, age, or occupation. Conclusions: This study represents the first comprehensive exposure assessment for DON, T2/HT2, and ZEN in Japanese adults using human biomonitoring methods. These data provide valuable information for a better understanding of mycotoxin exposure in Japan.
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publisher Komiyama Printing Co. Ltd
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spelling doaj-art-09fce344e70145d5aae645b4b0a933ca2025-08-20T03:41:04ZengKomiyama Printing Co. LtdEnvironmental Health and Preventive Medicine1342-078X1347-47152025-03-0130191910.1265/ehpm.24-00245ehpmCross-sectional biomonitoring of urinary deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and zearalenone in Japanese adultsToshiki Tajima0Tomohiko Isobe1Isao Saito2Takaaki Kondo3Koji Suzuki4Ryosuke Fujii5Yoshiki Tsuboi6Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi7Jun Ueyama8https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0660-2726Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Field of Omics Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineHealth and Environmental Risk Division, National Institute for Environmental StudiesDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Field of Omics Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Field of Omics Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineDepartment of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical SciencesDepartment of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical SciencesDepartment of Preventive Medical Sciences, Fujita Health University School of Medical SciencesFaculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of AgricultureDepartment of Biomolecular Sciences, Field of Omics Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineBackground: Among the more than 300 mycotoxins that are known to have toxic effects on animals and humans, Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON), T-2 and HT-2 toxins (T2/HT2), and zearalenone (ZEN) are frequently detected in domestic agricultural products. This study aimed to assess DON, T2/HT2, and ZEN exposure in Japanese adults by measuring urinary mycotoxins, observing their distributions, and making comparisons with data from other countries. Methods: A total of 201 individuals participated in the study. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected from young adults (34 men and 35 women) in the Tokai region (urban area) and spot urine samples were collected from middle-aged and elderly adults (64 men and 68 women) in the Donan area of Hokkaido Prefecture (rural area). Urinary DON, T2/HT2, and ZEN levels were measured using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method. Results: For DON, T2/HT2, and ZEN, the detection frequencies above the limit of detection (LOD) level (0.15, 0.13, and 0.01 µg/L, respectively) in all the samples were 53%, 26%, and 71%, respectively. The median concentrations (95th percentile) of urinary DON, HT2, and ZEN were 0.19 (3.93), <LOD (0.55), and 0.02 (0.12) µg/L, respectively. Although at least one of the investigated mycotoxins was detected in the urine of 86% of study participants, the concentrations were similar to or lower than those found in other countries (from 19 reports within the past decade). Moreover, the probable daily intake (PDI) values in the present study were lower than the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake levels. The urinary mycotoxin levels did not significantly differ with respect to sex, age, or occupation. Conclusions: This study represents the first comprehensive exposure assessment for DON, T2/HT2, and ZEN in Japanese adults using human biomonitoring methods. These data provide valuable information for a better understanding of mycotoxin exposure in Japan.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ehpm/30/0/30_24-00245/_html/-char/enmycotoxinhuman biomonitoringliquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometryjapanese adultsurine
spellingShingle Toshiki Tajima
Tomohiko Isobe
Isao Saito
Takaaki Kondo
Koji Suzuki
Ryosuke Fujii
Yoshiki Tsuboi
Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi
Jun Ueyama
Cross-sectional biomonitoring of urinary deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and zearalenone in Japanese adults
Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine
mycotoxin
human biomonitoring
liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
japanese adults
urine
title Cross-sectional biomonitoring of urinary deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and zearalenone in Japanese adults
title_full Cross-sectional biomonitoring of urinary deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and zearalenone in Japanese adults
title_fullStr Cross-sectional biomonitoring of urinary deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and zearalenone in Japanese adults
title_full_unstemmed Cross-sectional biomonitoring of urinary deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and zearalenone in Japanese adults
title_short Cross-sectional biomonitoring of urinary deoxynivalenol, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and zearalenone in Japanese adults
title_sort cross sectional biomonitoring of urinary deoxynivalenol t 2 and ht 2 toxins and zearalenone in japanese adults
topic mycotoxin
human biomonitoring
liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
japanese adults
urine
url https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ehpm/30/0/30_24-00245/_html/-char/en
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