Diffuse Pulmonary Lesions Due to Invasive Fungal Infection in an Immune-capable Male: A Case Report

Introduction: Invasive fungal pulmonary infection is a fungal illness caused by many species of fungi, including Aspergillus, generally presenting as life-threatening hazards to people with compromised immune systems. Although instances in immunecompetent individuals are infrequent, a recently publ...

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Main Authors: N. Radhakrishnan, Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Knowledge E 2025-06-01
Series:Dubai Medical Journal
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Online Access:https://knepublishing.com/index.php/DMJ/article/view/19003
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author N. Radhakrishnan
Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
author_facet N. Radhakrishnan
Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
author_sort N. Radhakrishnan
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Invasive fungal pulmonary infection is a fungal illness caused by many species of fungi, including Aspergillus, generally presenting as life-threatening hazards to people with compromised immune systems. Although instances in immunecompetent individuals are infrequent, a recently published report detailed active lung infection within an immune-competent patient at postmortem. We report a rare instance of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in an immune-capable male, exhibiting diffuse systemic lesions. Case Report: A 33-year-old male approached our facility, complaining of chest discomfort and dyspnea lasting for 3 months. Upon clinical examination, he looked emaciated and presented with sinus symptoms. A radiographic examination showed indistinct lesions in the lower left lobe of the lung. Bronchoscopy as well as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were conducted, before the commencement of oral antibiotic treatment. The lavage findings were negative for staining techniques (e.g., acid-fast bacilli (AFB)), and culture demonstrated many septate hyphae on the fungal screen. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue (via bronchoscopy) revealed persistent granulomatous inflammation with apical fungal hyphae, diagnostic of aspergillosis. Further cultures confirmed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus, leading us to commence voriconazole treatment. The patient had a notable recovery, evidenced by gaining weight and a recovered appetite within a brief timeframe. His symptoms improved within three months of medication, allowing him to return to almost normal life. Conclusion: This case underscores the identification of IFI in an immune-capable patient exhibiting extensive nodular lesions throughout the respiratory tract, mediastinum, and belly. Clinicians must uphold a heightened concern for aspergillosis in persistent pneumonia and diffuse nodular lesions, despite patients having no conventional risk factors.
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spelling doaj-art-09f5b79b893f498fb45e1665b022e9be2025-08-20T02:38:21ZengKnowledge EDubai Medical Journal2571-726X2025-06-018210.18502/dmj.v8i2.19003Diffuse Pulmonary Lesions Due to Invasive Fungal Infection in an Immune-capable Male: A Case ReportN. Radhakrishnan0Mathiyazhagan Narayanan1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1281-9390Center for Research and Innovations, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Chennai-602 105, Tamil NaduCenter for Research and Innovations, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Chennai-602 105, Tamil Nadu Introduction: Invasive fungal pulmonary infection is a fungal illness caused by many species of fungi, including Aspergillus, generally presenting as life-threatening hazards to people with compromised immune systems. Although instances in immunecompetent individuals are infrequent, a recently published report detailed active lung infection within an immune-competent patient at postmortem. We report a rare instance of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in an immune-capable male, exhibiting diffuse systemic lesions. Case Report: A 33-year-old male approached our facility, complaining of chest discomfort and dyspnea lasting for 3 months. Upon clinical examination, he looked emaciated and presented with sinus symptoms. A radiographic examination showed indistinct lesions in the lower left lobe of the lung. Bronchoscopy as well as bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were conducted, before the commencement of oral antibiotic treatment. The lavage findings were negative for staining techniques (e.g., acid-fast bacilli (AFB)), and culture demonstrated many septate hyphae on the fungal screen. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue (via bronchoscopy) revealed persistent granulomatous inflammation with apical fungal hyphae, diagnostic of aspergillosis. Further cultures confirmed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus, leading us to commence voriconazole treatment. The patient had a notable recovery, evidenced by gaining weight and a recovered appetite within a brief timeframe. His symptoms improved within three months of medication, allowing him to return to almost normal life. Conclusion: This case underscores the identification of IFI in an immune-capable patient exhibiting extensive nodular lesions throughout the respiratory tract, mediastinum, and belly. Clinicians must uphold a heightened concern for aspergillosis in persistent pneumonia and diffuse nodular lesions, despite patients having no conventional risk factors. https://knepublishing.com/index.php/DMJ/article/view/19003fungal infectionaspergillosishistopathologyradiographictreatment
spellingShingle N. Radhakrishnan
Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
Diffuse Pulmonary Lesions Due to Invasive Fungal Infection in an Immune-capable Male: A Case Report
Dubai Medical Journal
fungal infection
aspergillosis
histopathology
radiographic
treatment
title Diffuse Pulmonary Lesions Due to Invasive Fungal Infection in an Immune-capable Male: A Case Report
title_full Diffuse Pulmonary Lesions Due to Invasive Fungal Infection in an Immune-capable Male: A Case Report
title_fullStr Diffuse Pulmonary Lesions Due to Invasive Fungal Infection in an Immune-capable Male: A Case Report
title_full_unstemmed Diffuse Pulmonary Lesions Due to Invasive Fungal Infection in an Immune-capable Male: A Case Report
title_short Diffuse Pulmonary Lesions Due to Invasive Fungal Infection in an Immune-capable Male: A Case Report
title_sort diffuse pulmonary lesions due to invasive fungal infection in an immune capable male a case report
topic fungal infection
aspergillosis
histopathology
radiographic
treatment
url https://knepublishing.com/index.php/DMJ/article/view/19003
work_keys_str_mv AT nradhakrishnan diffusepulmonarylesionsduetoinvasivefungalinfectioninanimmunecapablemaleacasereport
AT mathiyazhagannarayanan diffusepulmonarylesionsduetoinvasivefungalinfectioninanimmunecapablemaleacasereport