Development and validation of a machine learning-based nomogram for survival prediction of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative-intent resection
Abstract Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA), a rare cancer of the biliary system, has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting the survival of patients with hCCA after curative-intent resection and establish a survival predictive model. Clinical data from 340 hCCA pa...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10329-y |
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| author | Yubo Ma Qi Li Zhenqi Tang Kangpeng Li Chen Chen Jianjun Lei Dong Zhang Zhimin Geng |
| author_facet | Yubo Ma Qi Li Zhenqi Tang Kangpeng Li Chen Chen Jianjun Lei Dong Zhang Zhimin Geng |
| author_sort | Yubo Ma |
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| description | Abstract Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA), a rare cancer of the biliary system, has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting the survival of patients with hCCA after curative-intent resection and establish a survival predictive model. Clinical data from 340 hCCA patients who underwent curative-intent resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between 2010 and 2021 were collected. The patients were randomly assigned to a training set and a testing set in a 7:3 ratio. Risk factors selection was performed by five machine learning (ML) algorithms, including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Regression, Forward Stepwise Cox regression, Boruta feature selection, Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). A nomogram was constructed based on identified risk factors. The independent risk factors for the postoperative survival in hCCA patients included positive margin, lymph node metastasis, low total lymph node count (TLNC) and poor tumor differentiation. In the training and testing sets, the consistency index (C-index) of ML-based nomogram was 0.731 (95% CI: 0.684–0.753) and 0.714 (95% CI: 0.661–0.775), while the 3-year AUC of the nomogram was 0.784 (95% CI: 0.724–0.844) and 0.770 (95% CI: 0.763–0.867), respectively. The calibration curves for the nomogram showed good concordance. Based on the decision curve analysis, the nomogram had a good clinical application value, outperforming both the TNM staging system and the Bismuth-Corlette classification. Furthermore, patients were stratified into three groups with varying risks of overall survival (OS): the low-risk, middle-risk and high-risk group according to the nomogram, with statistically significant differences observed among these groups (p < 0.001). The ML-based nomogram provided a personalized prognostic prediction model for hCCA patients after surgical resection. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-09e2dc0b415444ff95b41726b5368f7c2025-08-20T03:05:22ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-10329-yDevelopment and validation of a machine learning-based nomogram for survival prediction of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative-intent resectionYubo Ma0Qi Li1Zhenqi Tang2Kangpeng Li3Chen Chen4Jianjun Lei5Dong Zhang6Zhimin Geng7Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityDepartment of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityAbstract Hilar cholangiocarcinoma (hCCA), a rare cancer of the biliary system, has a poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting the survival of patients with hCCA after curative-intent resection and establish a survival predictive model. Clinical data from 340 hCCA patients who underwent curative-intent resection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University between 2010 and 2021 were collected. The patients were randomly assigned to a training set and a testing set in a 7:3 ratio. Risk factors selection was performed by five machine learning (ML) algorithms, including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Regression, Forward Stepwise Cox regression, Boruta feature selection, Random Forest and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). A nomogram was constructed based on identified risk factors. The independent risk factors for the postoperative survival in hCCA patients included positive margin, lymph node metastasis, low total lymph node count (TLNC) and poor tumor differentiation. In the training and testing sets, the consistency index (C-index) of ML-based nomogram was 0.731 (95% CI: 0.684–0.753) and 0.714 (95% CI: 0.661–0.775), while the 3-year AUC of the nomogram was 0.784 (95% CI: 0.724–0.844) and 0.770 (95% CI: 0.763–0.867), respectively. The calibration curves for the nomogram showed good concordance. Based on the decision curve analysis, the nomogram had a good clinical application value, outperforming both the TNM staging system and the Bismuth-Corlette classification. Furthermore, patients were stratified into three groups with varying risks of overall survival (OS): the low-risk, middle-risk and high-risk group according to the nomogram, with statistically significant differences observed among these groups (p < 0.001). The ML-based nomogram provided a personalized prognostic prediction model for hCCA patients after surgical resection.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10329-yHilar cholangiocarcinomaMachine learningNomogramPrognosisCurative-intent resection |
| spellingShingle | Yubo Ma Qi Li Zhenqi Tang Kangpeng Li Chen Chen Jianjun Lei Dong Zhang Zhimin Geng Development and validation of a machine learning-based nomogram for survival prediction of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative-intent resection Scientific Reports Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Machine learning Nomogram Prognosis Curative-intent resection |
| title | Development and validation of a machine learning-based nomogram for survival prediction of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative-intent resection |
| title_full | Development and validation of a machine learning-based nomogram for survival prediction of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative-intent resection |
| title_fullStr | Development and validation of a machine learning-based nomogram for survival prediction of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative-intent resection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and validation of a machine learning-based nomogram for survival prediction of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative-intent resection |
| title_short | Development and validation of a machine learning-based nomogram for survival prediction of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative-intent resection |
| title_sort | development and validation of a machine learning based nomogram for survival prediction of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after curative intent resection |
| topic | Hilar cholangiocarcinoma Machine learning Nomogram Prognosis Curative-intent resection |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-10329-y |
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