Advancements in AI-enhanced collaborative robotics: towards safer, smarter, and human-centric industrial automation

Traditional industrial robots have long been central to manufacturing automation; however, limitations such as inflexible programming, safety concerns in human-robot interaction, and poor adaptability to dynamic production needs have restricted their widespread application. Collaborative robots (cob...

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Main Authors: Ronit Shah, Arockia Selvakumar Arockia Doss, Natrayan Lakshmaiya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302501775X
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author Ronit Shah
Arockia Selvakumar Arockia Doss
Natrayan Lakshmaiya
author_facet Ronit Shah
Arockia Selvakumar Arockia Doss
Natrayan Lakshmaiya
author_sort Ronit Shah
collection DOAJ
description Traditional industrial robots have long been central to manufacturing automation; however, limitations such as inflexible programming, safety concerns in human-robot interaction, and poor adaptability to dynamic production needs have restricted their widespread application. Collaborative robots (cobots) are reshaping this paradigm by enabling safe, efficient, and intelligent human-robot collaboration. This review examines the evolution and integration of collaborative robots (cobots) with Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, and smart sensing technologies to enhance safety, adaptability, and human-centric automation. The paper explores how AI-enhanced cobots optimize production efficiency by reducing cycle times, improving product quality, and facilitating adaptive manufacturing in the automotive, healthcare, and logistics sectors. It highlights critical safety innovations like force-limiting systems, speed and separation monitoring, and ergonomic human-robot interaction. Furthermore, emerging concepts such as digital twins, blockchain for cybersecurity, and Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) are examined for their potential to advance cobot functionality. Challenges including high initial costs, technical complexity, and cybersecurity threats are critically analyzed. Future trends, including cognitive adaptability, personalized interaction, and the shift toward Industry 5.0′s human-centered approach, are also explored. This study identifies key opportunities and challenges in collaborative robotics and proposes strategic pathways for fostering safer, smarter, and more flexible industrial environments.
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spelling doaj-art-09dfca49f9b049a29f44591ca15e9ace2025-08-20T02:35:57ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-09-012710570410.1016/j.rineng.2025.105704Advancements in AI-enhanced collaborative robotics: towards safer, smarter, and human-centric industrial automationRonit Shah0Arockia Selvakumar Arockia Doss1Natrayan Lakshmaiya2School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India; Corresponding author.Traditional industrial robots have long been central to manufacturing automation; however, limitations such as inflexible programming, safety concerns in human-robot interaction, and poor adaptability to dynamic production needs have restricted their widespread application. Collaborative robots (cobots) are reshaping this paradigm by enabling safe, efficient, and intelligent human-robot collaboration. This review examines the evolution and integration of collaborative robots (cobots) with Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, and smart sensing technologies to enhance safety, adaptability, and human-centric automation. The paper explores how AI-enhanced cobots optimize production efficiency by reducing cycle times, improving product quality, and facilitating adaptive manufacturing in the automotive, healthcare, and logistics sectors. It highlights critical safety innovations like force-limiting systems, speed and separation monitoring, and ergonomic human-robot interaction. Furthermore, emerging concepts such as digital twins, blockchain for cybersecurity, and Internet of Robotic Things (IoRT) are examined for their potential to advance cobot functionality. Challenges including high initial costs, technical complexity, and cybersecurity threats are critically analyzed. Future trends, including cognitive adaptability, personalized interaction, and the shift toward Industry 5.0′s human-centered approach, are also explored. This study identifies key opportunities and challenges in collaborative robotics and proposes strategic pathways for fostering safer, smarter, and more flexible industrial environments.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302501775XCollaborative Robots (Cobots)Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC)Artificial Intelligence in RoboticsIndustry 5.0Human-Centric Automation
spellingShingle Ronit Shah
Arockia Selvakumar Arockia Doss
Natrayan Lakshmaiya
Advancements in AI-enhanced collaborative robotics: towards safer, smarter, and human-centric industrial automation
Results in Engineering
Collaborative Robots (Cobots)
Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC)
Artificial Intelligence in Robotics
Industry 5.0
Human-Centric Automation
title Advancements in AI-enhanced collaborative robotics: towards safer, smarter, and human-centric industrial automation
title_full Advancements in AI-enhanced collaborative robotics: towards safer, smarter, and human-centric industrial automation
title_fullStr Advancements in AI-enhanced collaborative robotics: towards safer, smarter, and human-centric industrial automation
title_full_unstemmed Advancements in AI-enhanced collaborative robotics: towards safer, smarter, and human-centric industrial automation
title_short Advancements in AI-enhanced collaborative robotics: towards safer, smarter, and human-centric industrial automation
title_sort advancements in ai enhanced collaborative robotics towards safer smarter and human centric industrial automation
topic Collaborative Robots (Cobots)
Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC)
Artificial Intelligence in Robotics
Industry 5.0
Human-Centric Automation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259012302501775X
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AT natrayanlakshmaiya advancementsinaienhancedcollaborativeroboticstowardssafersmarterandhumancentricindustrialautomation