Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Glucosinolates from Upcycled Cauliflower Using Response Surface Methodology

This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process using food-grade ethanol to recover glucosinolates from upcycled cauliflower through response surface methodology. The optimized extraction process was compared with traditional extraction using maceration with solvents su...

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Main Authors: Hana Derbew Gedif, Tess Astatkie, Joanna Tkaczewska, H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/11/2326
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author Hana Derbew Gedif
Tess Astatkie
Joanna Tkaczewska
H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
author_facet Hana Derbew Gedif
Tess Astatkie
Joanna Tkaczewska
H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
author_sort Hana Derbew Gedif
collection DOAJ
description This study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process using food-grade ethanol to recover glucosinolates from upcycled cauliflower through response surface methodology. The optimized extraction process was compared with traditional extraction using maceration with solvents such as methanol and acetone. The optimum UAE conditions identified for extracting glucosinolates from upcycled cauliflower were: 42% ethanol as solvent at 43 °C for 30 min. The total glucosinolate content recovered was 7400 μg sinigrin equivalence (SE)/g dry weight (DW) of biomass. The ultra-pressure liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) analysis confirmed that the optimized UAE yielded the highest levels of glucoraphanin (1.31 ± 0.12 μg/g DW of biomass) and sulforaphane (28.2 ± 3.34 μg/g DW of biomass). The extracts possess greater antioxidant activity as determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The optimized UAE process significantly enhanced the extraction of valuable phytochemical molecules from the upcycled cauliflower. Further studies should focus on evaluating their therapeutic and preventive potential for applications in nutrition and health.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1420-3049
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publisher MDPI AG
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series Molecules
spelling doaj-art-09c6e69bc50a4f20a2712feb503fc46d2025-08-20T03:46:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-05-013011232610.3390/molecules30112326Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Glucosinolates from Upcycled Cauliflower Using Response Surface MethodologyHana Derbew Gedif0Tess Astatkie1Joanna Tkaczewska2H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe3Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, CanadaFaculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, CanadaDepartment of Animal Product Technology, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, Balicka 122, 30-149 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, CanadaThis study aimed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) process using food-grade ethanol to recover glucosinolates from upcycled cauliflower through response surface methodology. The optimized extraction process was compared with traditional extraction using maceration with solvents such as methanol and acetone. The optimum UAE conditions identified for extracting glucosinolates from upcycled cauliflower were: 42% ethanol as solvent at 43 °C for 30 min. The total glucosinolate content recovered was 7400 μg sinigrin equivalence (SE)/g dry weight (DW) of biomass. The ultra-pressure liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS) analysis confirmed that the optimized UAE yielded the highest levels of glucoraphanin (1.31 ± 0.12 μg/g DW of biomass) and sulforaphane (28.2 ± 3.34 μg/g DW of biomass). The extracts possess greater antioxidant activity as determined by ferric reducing antioxidant power and DPPH radical scavenging activity. The optimized UAE process significantly enhanced the extraction of valuable phytochemical molecules from the upcycled cauliflower. Further studies should focus on evaluating their therapeutic and preventive potential for applications in nutrition and health.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/11/2326<i>Brassica oleracea</i>sulforaphanegreen extractionfood wasteantioxidantsUPLC-ESI-MS
spellingShingle Hana Derbew Gedif
Tess Astatkie
Joanna Tkaczewska
H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe
Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Glucosinolates from Upcycled Cauliflower Using Response Surface Methodology
Molecules
<i>Brassica oleracea</i>
sulforaphane
green extraction
food waste
antioxidants
UPLC-ESI-MS
title Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Glucosinolates from Upcycled Cauliflower Using Response Surface Methodology
title_full Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Glucosinolates from Upcycled Cauliflower Using Response Surface Methodology
title_fullStr Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Glucosinolates from Upcycled Cauliflower Using Response Surface Methodology
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Glucosinolates from Upcycled Cauliflower Using Response Surface Methodology
title_short Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Glucosinolates from Upcycled Cauliflower Using Response Surface Methodology
title_sort optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of glucosinolates from upcycled cauliflower using response surface methodology
topic <i>Brassica oleracea</i>
sulforaphane
green extraction
food waste
antioxidants
UPLC-ESI-MS
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/11/2326
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AT tessastatkie optimizationofultrasoundassistedextractionofglucosinolatesfromupcycledcauliflowerusingresponsesurfacemethodology
AT joannatkaczewska optimizationofultrasoundassistedextractionofglucosinolatesfromupcycledcauliflowerusingresponsesurfacemethodology
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