Discontinuities in the laser powder bed fusion alloys: A review

There are several significant microstructural discontinuities in alloys produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). This review focuses on the primary discontinuities arising in the LPBF manufactured alloys, including gas pores, lack of fusion (LOF), keyholes, cracks, and melt pools. It also examine...

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Main Authors: Mahdi Yeganeh, Zahra Shahryari, Mohammadreza Tavakoli Shoushtari, Mostafa Eskandari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016242
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author Mahdi Yeganeh
Zahra Shahryari
Mohammadreza Tavakoli Shoushtari
Mostafa Eskandari
author_facet Mahdi Yeganeh
Zahra Shahryari
Mohammadreza Tavakoli Shoushtari
Mostafa Eskandari
author_sort Mahdi Yeganeh
collection DOAJ
description There are several significant microstructural discontinuities in alloys produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). This review focuses on the primary discontinuities arising in the LPBF manufactured alloys, including gas pores, lack of fusion (LOF), keyholes, cracks, and melt pools. It also examines the causes of these discontinuities, the effects of various factors, and techniques to reduce them. The structural integrity of LPBF-generated components is affected by these discontinuities. This review also mentions strategies to reduce or eliminate these defects to increase the reliability of the LPBF process. It shows that some defects can be minimized by choosing correct parameters, such as laser power and scan speed. However, some specific defects cannot be diminished by selecting parameters and require other options, such as post-treatments (e.g., heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing). Additionally, post-treatments and alloy composition modifications can help to adapt the material's characteristics and lower the discontinuity percentage.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2238-7854
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Journal of Materials Research and Technology
spelling doaj-art-09be6e4d1a1540299377c0cef40d50212025-08-20T03:33:27ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-07-01373193322910.1016/j.jmrt.2025.06.202Discontinuities in the laser powder bed fusion alloys: A reviewMahdi Yeganeh0Zahra Shahryari1Mohammadreza Tavakoli Shoushtari2Mostafa Eskandari3Corresponding author.; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, IranThere are several significant microstructural discontinuities in alloys produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). This review focuses on the primary discontinuities arising in the LPBF manufactured alloys, including gas pores, lack of fusion (LOF), keyholes, cracks, and melt pools. It also examines the causes of these discontinuities, the effects of various factors, and techniques to reduce them. The structural integrity of LPBF-generated components is affected by these discontinuities. This review also mentions strategies to reduce or eliminate these defects to increase the reliability of the LPBF process. It shows that some defects can be minimized by choosing correct parameters, such as laser power and scan speed. However, some specific defects cannot be diminished by selecting parameters and require other options, such as post-treatments (e.g., heat treatment or hot isostatic pressing). Additionally, post-treatments and alloy composition modifications can help to adapt the material's characteristics and lower the discontinuity percentage.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016242Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)Gas poresLack of fusionKey holesCracksMelt pool
spellingShingle Mahdi Yeganeh
Zahra Shahryari
Mohammadreza Tavakoli Shoushtari
Mostafa Eskandari
Discontinuities in the laser powder bed fusion alloys: A review
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)
Gas pores
Lack of fusion
Key holes
Cracks
Melt pool
title Discontinuities in the laser powder bed fusion alloys: A review
title_full Discontinuities in the laser powder bed fusion alloys: A review
title_fullStr Discontinuities in the laser powder bed fusion alloys: A review
title_full_unstemmed Discontinuities in the laser powder bed fusion alloys: A review
title_short Discontinuities in the laser powder bed fusion alloys: A review
title_sort discontinuities in the laser powder bed fusion alloys a review
topic Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)
Gas pores
Lack of fusion
Key holes
Cracks
Melt pool
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425016242
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AT zahrashahryari discontinuitiesinthelaserpowderbedfusionalloysareview
AT mohammadrezatavakolishoushtari discontinuitiesinthelaserpowderbedfusionalloysareview
AT mostafaeskandari discontinuitiesinthelaserpowderbedfusionalloysareview