The role of southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, and Peromyscus mice in the enzootic maintenance of Lyme disease spirochetes in North Dakota, USA

Lyme disease has expanded into the Great Plains of the USA. To investigate local enzootic transmission, small mammals were trapped in two forested tracts in northeastern North Dakota during 2012 and 2013. Peromyscus mice and southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, comprised over 90% of all mammal...

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Main Authors: Michael W. Dougherty, Nathan M. Russart, Robert A. Gaultney, Emily M. Gisi, Haley M. Cooper, Lindsey R. Kallis, Catherine A. Brissette, Jefferson A. Vaughan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877959X24000785
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author Michael W. Dougherty
Nathan M. Russart
Robert A. Gaultney
Emily M. Gisi
Haley M. Cooper
Lindsey R. Kallis
Catherine A. Brissette
Jefferson A. Vaughan
author_facet Michael W. Dougherty
Nathan M. Russart
Robert A. Gaultney
Emily M. Gisi
Haley M. Cooper
Lindsey R. Kallis
Catherine A. Brissette
Jefferson A. Vaughan
author_sort Michael W. Dougherty
collection DOAJ
description Lyme disease has expanded into the Great Plains of the USA. To investigate local enzootic transmission, small mammals were trapped in two forested tracts in northeastern North Dakota during 2012 and 2013. Peromyscus mice and southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, comprised over 90% of all mammals captured. One site was dominated by Peromyscus (79% of 100 mammals captured). At the other site, M. gapperi (59% of 107 mammals captured) was more abundant than Peromyscus (36%). Immature stages of two tick species parasitized small mammals: Dermacentor variabilis and Ixodes scapularis. Larval I. scapularis ectoparasitism was significantly higher on Peromyscus (81% infested; 3.7 larvae per infested mouse) than M. gapperi (47% infested; 2.6 larvae per infested vole) whereas larval and nymphal D. variabilis ectoparasitism were highest on M. gapperi. Over 45% of infested rodents were concurrently infested with both tick species. Testing engorged I. scapularis larvae from Peromyscus (n = 66) and M. gapperi (n = 20) yielded xenopositivity prevalence for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in these rodents of 6% and 5%, respectively. Progeny of field collected M. gapperi were used to determine host infectivity for a local isolate of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.). Five M. gapperi were injected with spirochetes, infested with pathogen-free I. scapularis larvae on days 10, 20, and 40 after infection, and engorged larvae molted to nymphs. Subsamples of nymphs were tested by PCR for B. burgdorferi s. s. DNA and yielded infection rates of 56% (n = 100 nymphs tested), 75% (n = 8) and 64% (n = 31), respectively. The remaining infected nymphs were fed on BALB/c Mus musculus mice and 7 d later, mice were euthanized, and tissues were cultured for B. burgdorferi s.s. Nymphs successfully transmitted spirochetes to 13 of 18 (72%) mice that were exposed to 1–5 infected ticks. Theoretical reservoir potentials – i.e., ability to generate B. burgdorferi infected nymphs – were compared between Peromyscus and M. gapperi. At one site, Peromyscus accounted for nearly all Borrelia-infected nymphs produced (reservoir potential value of 0.935). At the other site, the reservoir potentials for Peromyscus (0.566) and M. gapperi (0.434) were comparable. The difference was attributed to differences in the relative abundance of voles versus mice between sites and the higher level of ectoparasitism by larval I. scapularis on Peromyscus versus M. gapperi at both sites. The southern red-backed vole, M. gapperi, contributes to the enzootic maintenance of Lyme disease spirochetes in North Dakota and possibly other areas where this rodent species is abundant.
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spelling doaj-art-0992e0ce52de497083f4385ee20bdce62025-08-20T01:55:27ZengElsevierTicks and Tick-Borne Diseases1877-96032024-11-0115610238510.1016/j.ttbdis.2024.102385The role of southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, and Peromyscus mice in the enzootic maintenance of Lyme disease spirochetes in North Dakota, USAMichael W. Dougherty0Nathan M. Russart1Robert A. Gaultney2Emily M. Gisi3Haley M. Cooper4Lindsey R. Kallis5Catherine A. Brissette6Jefferson A. Vaughan7Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United StatesDepartment of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States; Aldeveron, Fargo, ND, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States; Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United StatesDepartment of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United StatesDepartment of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United StatesDepartment of Biology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, United States; Corresponding author.Lyme disease has expanded into the Great Plains of the USA. To investigate local enzootic transmission, small mammals were trapped in two forested tracts in northeastern North Dakota during 2012 and 2013. Peromyscus mice and southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, comprised over 90% of all mammals captured. One site was dominated by Peromyscus (79% of 100 mammals captured). At the other site, M. gapperi (59% of 107 mammals captured) was more abundant than Peromyscus (36%). Immature stages of two tick species parasitized small mammals: Dermacentor variabilis and Ixodes scapularis. Larval I. scapularis ectoparasitism was significantly higher on Peromyscus (81% infested; 3.7 larvae per infested mouse) than M. gapperi (47% infested; 2.6 larvae per infested vole) whereas larval and nymphal D. variabilis ectoparasitism were highest on M. gapperi. Over 45% of infested rodents were concurrently infested with both tick species. Testing engorged I. scapularis larvae from Peromyscus (n = 66) and M. gapperi (n = 20) yielded xenopositivity prevalence for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in these rodents of 6% and 5%, respectively. Progeny of field collected M. gapperi were used to determine host infectivity for a local isolate of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.). Five M. gapperi were injected with spirochetes, infested with pathogen-free I. scapularis larvae on days 10, 20, and 40 after infection, and engorged larvae molted to nymphs. Subsamples of nymphs were tested by PCR for B. burgdorferi s. s. DNA and yielded infection rates of 56% (n = 100 nymphs tested), 75% (n = 8) and 64% (n = 31), respectively. The remaining infected nymphs were fed on BALB/c Mus musculus mice and 7 d later, mice were euthanized, and tissues were cultured for B. burgdorferi s.s. Nymphs successfully transmitted spirochetes to 13 of 18 (72%) mice that were exposed to 1–5 infected ticks. Theoretical reservoir potentials – i.e., ability to generate B. burgdorferi infected nymphs – were compared between Peromyscus and M. gapperi. At one site, Peromyscus accounted for nearly all Borrelia-infected nymphs produced (reservoir potential value of 0.935). At the other site, the reservoir potentials for Peromyscus (0.566) and M. gapperi (0.434) were comparable. The difference was attributed to differences in the relative abundance of voles versus mice between sites and the higher level of ectoparasitism by larval I. scapularis on Peromyscus versus M. gapperi at both sites. The southern red-backed vole, M. gapperi, contributes to the enzootic maintenance of Lyme disease spirochetes in North Dakota and possibly other areas where this rodent species is abundant.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877959X24000785Lyme diseaseIxodes scapularisDermacentor variabilisPeromyscusMyodes gapperiReservoir potential
spellingShingle Michael W. Dougherty
Nathan M. Russart
Robert A. Gaultney
Emily M. Gisi
Haley M. Cooper
Lindsey R. Kallis
Catherine A. Brissette
Jefferson A. Vaughan
The role of southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, and Peromyscus mice in the enzootic maintenance of Lyme disease spirochetes in North Dakota, USA
Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases
Lyme disease
Ixodes scapularis
Dermacentor variabilis
Peromyscus
Myodes gapperi
Reservoir potential
title The role of southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, and Peromyscus mice in the enzootic maintenance of Lyme disease spirochetes in North Dakota, USA
title_full The role of southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, and Peromyscus mice in the enzootic maintenance of Lyme disease spirochetes in North Dakota, USA
title_fullStr The role of southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, and Peromyscus mice in the enzootic maintenance of Lyme disease spirochetes in North Dakota, USA
title_full_unstemmed The role of southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, and Peromyscus mice in the enzootic maintenance of Lyme disease spirochetes in North Dakota, USA
title_short The role of southern red-backed voles, Myodes gapperi, and Peromyscus mice in the enzootic maintenance of Lyme disease spirochetes in North Dakota, USA
title_sort role of southern red backed voles myodes gapperi and peromyscus mice in the enzootic maintenance of lyme disease spirochetes in north dakota usa
topic Lyme disease
Ixodes scapularis
Dermacentor variabilis
Peromyscus
Myodes gapperi
Reservoir potential
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877959X24000785
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