Multi-UAV path planning for multiple emergency payloads delivery in natural disaster scenarios

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in situations with uncertain and risky areas lacking network coverage. In natural disasters, timely delivery of first aid supplies is crucial. Current UAVs face risks such as crashing into birds or unexpected structures. Airdrop systems with parachutes...

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Main Authors: Zarina Kutpanova, Mustafa Kadhim, Xu Zheng, Nurkhat Zhakiyev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Electronic Science and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674862X25000047
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author Zarina Kutpanova
Mustafa Kadhim
Xu Zheng
Nurkhat Zhakiyev
author_facet Zarina Kutpanova
Mustafa Kadhim
Xu Zheng
Nurkhat Zhakiyev
author_sort Zarina Kutpanova
collection DOAJ
description Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in situations with uncertain and risky areas lacking network coverage. In natural disasters, timely delivery of first aid supplies is crucial. Current UAVs face risks such as crashing into birds or unexpected structures. Airdrop systems with parachutes risk dispersing payloads away from target locations. The objective here is to use multiple UAVs to distribute payloads cooperatively to assigned locations. The civil defense department must balance coverage, accurate landing, and flight safety while considering battery power and capability. Deep Q-network (DQN) models are commonly used in multi-UAV path planning to effectively represent the surroundings and action spaces. Earlier strategies focused on advanced DQNs for UAV path planning in different configurations, but rarely addressed non-cooperative scenarios and disaster environments. This paper introduces a new DQN framework to tackle challenges in disaster environments. It considers unforeseen structures and birds that could cause UAV crashes and assumes urgent landing zones and winch-based airdrop systems for precise delivery and return. A new DQN model is developed, which incorporates the battery life, safe flying distance between UAVs, and remaining delivery points to encode surrounding hazards into the state space and Q-networks. Additionally, a unique reward system is created to improve UAV action sequences for better delivery coverage and safe landings. The experimental results demonstrate that multi-UAV first aid delivery in disaster environments can achieve advanced performance.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2666-223X
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
record_format Article
series Journal of Electronic Science and Technology
spelling doaj-art-098c8c4c2c344e4ab5f003da06f8977f2025-08-20T03:30:44ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Journal of Electronic Science and Technology2666-223X2025-06-0123210030310.1016/j.jnlest.2025.100303Multi-UAV path planning for multiple emergency payloads delivery in natural disaster scenariosZarina Kutpanova0Mustafa Kadhim1Xu Zheng2Nurkhat Zhakiyev3Department of Computer Engineering, Astana IT University, Astana, 010000, KazakhstanSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, ChinaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China; Corresponding author.Department of Computational and Data Science, Astana IT University, Astana, 010000, KazakhstanUnmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are widely used in situations with uncertain and risky areas lacking network coverage. In natural disasters, timely delivery of first aid supplies is crucial. Current UAVs face risks such as crashing into birds or unexpected structures. Airdrop systems with parachutes risk dispersing payloads away from target locations. The objective here is to use multiple UAVs to distribute payloads cooperatively to assigned locations. The civil defense department must balance coverage, accurate landing, and flight safety while considering battery power and capability. Deep Q-network (DQN) models are commonly used in multi-UAV path planning to effectively represent the surroundings and action spaces. Earlier strategies focused on advanced DQNs for UAV path planning in different configurations, but rarely addressed non-cooperative scenarios and disaster environments. This paper introduces a new DQN framework to tackle challenges in disaster environments. It considers unforeseen structures and birds that could cause UAV crashes and assumes urgent landing zones and winch-based airdrop systems for precise delivery and return. A new DQN model is developed, which incorporates the battery life, safe flying distance between UAVs, and remaining delivery points to encode surrounding hazards into the state space and Q-networks. Additionally, a unique reward system is created to improve UAV action sequences for better delivery coverage and safe landings. The experimental results demonstrate that multi-UAV first aid delivery in disaster environments can achieve advanced performance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674862X25000047Deep Q-networkFirst aid deliveryMulti-UAV path planningReinforcement learningUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
spellingShingle Zarina Kutpanova
Mustafa Kadhim
Xu Zheng
Nurkhat Zhakiyev
Multi-UAV path planning for multiple emergency payloads delivery in natural disaster scenarios
Journal of Electronic Science and Technology
Deep Q-network
First aid delivery
Multi-UAV path planning
Reinforcement learning
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
title Multi-UAV path planning for multiple emergency payloads delivery in natural disaster scenarios
title_full Multi-UAV path planning for multiple emergency payloads delivery in natural disaster scenarios
title_fullStr Multi-UAV path planning for multiple emergency payloads delivery in natural disaster scenarios
title_full_unstemmed Multi-UAV path planning for multiple emergency payloads delivery in natural disaster scenarios
title_short Multi-UAV path planning for multiple emergency payloads delivery in natural disaster scenarios
title_sort multi uav path planning for multiple emergency payloads delivery in natural disaster scenarios
topic Deep Q-network
First aid delivery
Multi-UAV path planning
Reinforcement learning
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674862X25000047
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AT mustafakadhim multiuavpathplanningformultipleemergencypayloadsdeliveryinnaturaldisasterscenarios
AT xuzheng multiuavpathplanningformultipleemergencypayloadsdeliveryinnaturaldisasterscenarios
AT nurkhatzhakiyev multiuavpathplanningformultipleemergencypayloadsdeliveryinnaturaldisasterscenarios