Constant High-Voltage Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Stable AC for Sustainable Energy Harvesting

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) hold significant potential for decentralized energy harvesting; however, their dependence on rotational mechanical energy often limits their ability to harness ubiquitous horizontal motion in real-world applications. Here, a single horizontal linear-to-rotational...

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Main Authors: Aso Ali Abdalmohammed Shateri, Salar K. Fatah, Fengling Zhuo, Nazifi Sani Shuaibu, Chuanrui Chen, Rui Wan, Xiaozhi Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Micromachines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/801
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author Aso Ali Abdalmohammed Shateri
Salar K. Fatah
Fengling Zhuo
Nazifi Sani Shuaibu
Chuanrui Chen
Rui Wan
Xiaozhi Wang
author_facet Aso Ali Abdalmohammed Shateri
Salar K. Fatah
Fengling Zhuo
Nazifi Sani Shuaibu
Chuanrui Chen
Rui Wan
Xiaozhi Wang
author_sort Aso Ali Abdalmohammed Shateri
collection DOAJ
description Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) hold significant potential for decentralized energy harvesting; however, their dependence on rotational mechanical energy often limits their ability to harness ubiquitous horizontal motion in real-world applications. Here, a single horizontal linear-to-rotational triboelectric nanogenerator (SHLR-TENG) is presented, designed to efficiently convert linear motion into rotational energy using a robust gear system, enabling a high voltage and reliable full cycle of alternating current (AC). The device features a radially patterned disk with triboelectric layers composed of polyimide. The SHLR-TENG achieves a peak-to-peak voltage of 1420 V, a short-circuit current of 117 µA, and an average power output of 41.5 mW, with a surface charge density of 110 µC/m<sup>2</sup>. Moreover, it demonstrates a power density per unit volume of 371.2 W·m<sup>−3</sup>·Hz<sup>−1</sup>. The device retains 80% efficiency after 1.5 million cycles, demonstrating substantial durability under mechanical stress. These properties enable the SHLR-TENG to directly power commercial LEDs and low-power circuits without the need for energy storage. This study presents an innovative approach to sustainable energy generation by integrating horizontal motion harvesting with rotational energy conversion. The compact and scalable design of the SHLR-TENG, coupled with its resilience to humidity (20–90% RH) and temperature fluctuations (10–70 °C), positions it as a promising next-generation energy source for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and autonomous systems.
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spelling doaj-art-09748d44dd2d418a907593aa58263cee2025-08-20T03:08:13ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2025-07-0116780110.3390/mi16070801Constant High-Voltage Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Stable AC for Sustainable Energy HarvestingAso Ali Abdalmohammed Shateri0Salar K. Fatah1Fengling Zhuo2Nazifi Sani Shuaibu3Chuanrui Chen4Rui Wan5Xiaozhi Wang6College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaDepartment of Physics, College of Education, University of Garmian, Kalar 46021, IraqCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaCollege of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, ChinaTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) hold significant potential for decentralized energy harvesting; however, their dependence on rotational mechanical energy often limits their ability to harness ubiquitous horizontal motion in real-world applications. Here, a single horizontal linear-to-rotational triboelectric nanogenerator (SHLR-TENG) is presented, designed to efficiently convert linear motion into rotational energy using a robust gear system, enabling a high voltage and reliable full cycle of alternating current (AC). The device features a radially patterned disk with triboelectric layers composed of polyimide. The SHLR-TENG achieves a peak-to-peak voltage of 1420 V, a short-circuit current of 117 µA, and an average power output of 41.5 mW, with a surface charge density of 110 µC/m<sup>2</sup>. Moreover, it demonstrates a power density per unit volume of 371.2 W·m<sup>−3</sup>·Hz<sup>−1</sup>. The device retains 80% efficiency after 1.5 million cycles, demonstrating substantial durability under mechanical stress. These properties enable the SHLR-TENG to directly power commercial LEDs and low-power circuits without the need for energy storage. This study presents an innovative approach to sustainable energy generation by integrating horizontal motion harvesting with rotational energy conversion. The compact and scalable design of the SHLR-TENG, coupled with its resilience to humidity (20–90% RH) and temperature fluctuations (10–70 °C), positions it as a promising next-generation energy source for Internet of Things (IoT) devices and autonomous systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/801triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)horizontal motion harvestingenergy conversionconstant-voltage outputalternating current (AC)
spellingShingle Aso Ali Abdalmohammed Shateri
Salar K. Fatah
Fengling Zhuo
Nazifi Sani Shuaibu
Chuanrui Chen
Rui Wan
Xiaozhi Wang
Constant High-Voltage Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Stable AC for Sustainable Energy Harvesting
Micromachines
triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)
horizontal motion harvesting
energy conversion
constant-voltage output
alternating current (AC)
title Constant High-Voltage Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Stable AC for Sustainable Energy Harvesting
title_full Constant High-Voltage Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Stable AC for Sustainable Energy Harvesting
title_fullStr Constant High-Voltage Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Stable AC for Sustainable Energy Harvesting
title_full_unstemmed Constant High-Voltage Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Stable AC for Sustainable Energy Harvesting
title_short Constant High-Voltage Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Stable AC for Sustainable Energy Harvesting
title_sort constant high voltage triboelectric nanogenerator with stable ac for sustainable energy harvesting
topic triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)
horizontal motion harvesting
energy conversion
constant-voltage output
alternating current (AC)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/7/801
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