Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorder

We survey studies which relate abnormal neurogenesis to major depressive disorder. Clinically, descriptive gene and protein expression analysis and genetic and functional studies revised here show that individual alterations of a complex signaling network, which includes the hypothalamic-pituitary-a...

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Main Author: Rosa Villanueva
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2013-01-01
Series:Neural Plasticity
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/873278
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author Rosa Villanueva
author_facet Rosa Villanueva
author_sort Rosa Villanueva
collection DOAJ
description We survey studies which relate abnormal neurogenesis to major depressive disorder. Clinically, descriptive gene and protein expression analysis and genetic and functional studies revised here show that individual alterations of a complex signaling network, which includes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; the production of neurotrophins and growth factors; the expression of miRNAs; the production of proinflammatory cytokines; and, even, the abnormal delivery of gastrointestinal signaling peptides, are able to induce major mood alterations. Furthermore, all of these factors modulate neurogenesis in brain regions involved in MDD, and are functionally interconnected in such a fashion that initial alteration in one of them results in abnormalities in the others. We highlight data of potential diagnostic significance and the relevance of this information to develop new therapeutic approaches. Controversial issues, such as whether neurogenesis is the basis of the disease or whether it is a response induced by antidepressant treatments, are also discussed.
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spelling doaj-art-09724c07b8444df891194e2a14ac7fb62025-02-03T01:11:18ZengWileyNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432013-01-01201310.1155/2013/873278873278Neurobiology of Major Depressive DisorderRosa Villanueva0Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Universitario La Paz, 28046 Madrid, SpainWe survey studies which relate abnormal neurogenesis to major depressive disorder. Clinically, descriptive gene and protein expression analysis and genetic and functional studies revised here show that individual alterations of a complex signaling network, which includes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis; the production of neurotrophins and growth factors; the expression of miRNAs; the production of proinflammatory cytokines; and, even, the abnormal delivery of gastrointestinal signaling peptides, are able to induce major mood alterations. Furthermore, all of these factors modulate neurogenesis in brain regions involved in MDD, and are functionally interconnected in such a fashion that initial alteration in one of them results in abnormalities in the others. We highlight data of potential diagnostic significance and the relevance of this information to develop new therapeutic approaches. Controversial issues, such as whether neurogenesis is the basis of the disease or whether it is a response induced by antidepressant treatments, are also discussed.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/873278
spellingShingle Rosa Villanueva
Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorder
Neural Plasticity
title Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorder
title_full Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorder
title_fullStr Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorder
title_full_unstemmed Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorder
title_short Neurobiology of Major Depressive Disorder
title_sort neurobiology of major depressive disorder
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/873278
work_keys_str_mv AT rosavillanueva neurobiologyofmajordepressivedisorder