Automatic Detection and Classification of Dental Anomalies and Tooth Types Using Transformer-Based Yolo With GA Optimization

Dental pathology detection and tooth type categorization are crucial yet often error-prone and time-consuming tasks in dental diagnostics. This paper presents a novel approach using Transformer-Based You Only Look Once (YOLO) for automating dental pathology detection and tooth type categorization fr...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sanabam Bineshwor Singh, Anuradha Laishram, Khelchandra Thongam, Khumanthem Manglem Singh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10946153/
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849702085045518336
author Sanabam Bineshwor Singh
Anuradha Laishram
Khelchandra Thongam
Khumanthem Manglem Singh
author_facet Sanabam Bineshwor Singh
Anuradha Laishram
Khelchandra Thongam
Khumanthem Manglem Singh
author_sort Sanabam Bineshwor Singh
collection DOAJ
description Dental pathology detection and tooth type categorization are crucial yet often error-prone and time-consuming tasks in dental diagnostics. This paper presents a novel approach using Transformer-Based You Only Look Once (YOLO) for automating dental pathology detection and tooth type categorization from panoramic X-ray images. Manual dental examinations are error-prone and time consuming. Therefore automated systems are required. Preprocessing techniques such as image resizing, rotation, Gaussian smoothing, and histogram scaling are used to enhance image quality and analysis. A significant enhancement is the integration of a multi-head self-attention block into the Cross Stage Partial Darknet (CSPDarknet) backbone within the YOLOv4 architecture. This addition enabled the model to capture comprehensive contextual information and learn distinct feature representations from the dental images. Inspired by Transformer models, the multi-head self-attention mechanism improves the capacity of the model to intricate spatial relationships in images, enhancing detection and classification performance. In addition, the system employs Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization for hyperparameter tuning, which fine-tunes model parameters to maximize performance metrics and enhance accuracy and robustness in dental diagnostics. The system achieved an average precision, recall rate of 99.5% and F1 score of 99.41% and a detection and classification accuracy of 99.31%. These results highlight the effectiveness of advanced preprocessing, deep learning enhancements, and GA optimization for precise dental pathology detection and tooth type categorization using panoramic radiography.
format Article
id doaj-art-095988e618304d1f9c511fff0c7ebe09
institution DOAJ
issn 2169-3536
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher IEEE
record_format Article
series IEEE Access
spelling doaj-art-095988e618304d1f9c511fff0c7ebe092025-08-20T03:17:46ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113593265933810.1109/ACCESS.2025.355652310946153Automatic Detection and Classification of Dental Anomalies and Tooth Types Using Transformer-Based Yolo With GA OptimizationSanabam Bineshwor Singh0https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0183-6008Anuradha Laishram1Khelchandra Thongam2Khumanthem Manglem Singh3National Institute of Technology Manipur, Imphal, Manipur, IndiaNational Institute of Technology Manipur, Imphal, Manipur, IndiaNational Institute of Technology Manipur, Imphal, Manipur, IndiaNational Institute of Technology Manipur, Imphal, Manipur, IndiaDental pathology detection and tooth type categorization are crucial yet often error-prone and time-consuming tasks in dental diagnostics. This paper presents a novel approach using Transformer-Based You Only Look Once (YOLO) for automating dental pathology detection and tooth type categorization from panoramic X-ray images. Manual dental examinations are error-prone and time consuming. Therefore automated systems are required. Preprocessing techniques such as image resizing, rotation, Gaussian smoothing, and histogram scaling are used to enhance image quality and analysis. A significant enhancement is the integration of a multi-head self-attention block into the Cross Stage Partial Darknet (CSPDarknet) backbone within the YOLOv4 architecture. This addition enabled the model to capture comprehensive contextual information and learn distinct feature representations from the dental images. Inspired by Transformer models, the multi-head self-attention mechanism improves the capacity of the model to intricate spatial relationships in images, enhancing detection and classification performance. In addition, the system employs Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization for hyperparameter tuning, which fine-tunes model parameters to maximize performance metrics and enhance accuracy and robustness in dental diagnostics. The system achieved an average precision, recall rate of 99.5% and F1 score of 99.41% and a detection and classification accuracy of 99.31%. These results highlight the effectiveness of advanced preprocessing, deep learning enhancements, and GA optimization for precise dental pathology detection and tooth type categorization using panoramic radiography.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10946153/CSP-Darknetimage preprocessingmulti-head self-attentionpanoramic X-rayTransformer-based YOLO
spellingShingle Sanabam Bineshwor Singh
Anuradha Laishram
Khelchandra Thongam
Khumanthem Manglem Singh
Automatic Detection and Classification of Dental Anomalies and Tooth Types Using Transformer-Based Yolo With GA Optimization
IEEE Access
CSP-Darknet
image preprocessing
multi-head self-attention
panoramic X-ray
Transformer-based YOLO
title Automatic Detection and Classification of Dental Anomalies and Tooth Types Using Transformer-Based Yolo With GA Optimization
title_full Automatic Detection and Classification of Dental Anomalies and Tooth Types Using Transformer-Based Yolo With GA Optimization
title_fullStr Automatic Detection and Classification of Dental Anomalies and Tooth Types Using Transformer-Based Yolo With GA Optimization
title_full_unstemmed Automatic Detection and Classification of Dental Anomalies and Tooth Types Using Transformer-Based Yolo With GA Optimization
title_short Automatic Detection and Classification of Dental Anomalies and Tooth Types Using Transformer-Based Yolo With GA Optimization
title_sort automatic detection and classification of dental anomalies and tooth types using transformer based yolo with ga optimization
topic CSP-Darknet
image preprocessing
multi-head self-attention
panoramic X-ray
Transformer-based YOLO
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10946153/
work_keys_str_mv AT sanabambineshworsingh automaticdetectionandclassificationofdentalanomaliesandtoothtypesusingtransformerbasedyolowithgaoptimization
AT anuradhalaishram automaticdetectionandclassificationofdentalanomaliesandtoothtypesusingtransformerbasedyolowithgaoptimization
AT khelchandrathongam automaticdetectionandclassificationofdentalanomaliesandtoothtypesusingtransformerbasedyolowithgaoptimization
AT khumanthemmanglemsingh automaticdetectionandclassificationofdentalanomaliesandtoothtypesusingtransformerbasedyolowithgaoptimization