Multi-Source and Multitemporal Urban and Rural Settlement Mapping Under Spatial Constraint: Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Case Study

Accurately extracting long-term urban and rural settlement (URS) information is crucial for studying urbanization processes and their impacts on the ecological environment. However, existing remote sensing extraction methods often rely on independent classification strategies for each period, leadin...

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Main Authors: Xiaopeng Li, Guangsheng Zhou, Li Zhou, Xiaomin Lv, Xiaohui He, Zhihui Tian
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Remote Sensing
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/3/401
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author Xiaopeng Li
Guangsheng Zhou
Li Zhou
Xiaomin Lv
Xiaohui He
Zhihui Tian
author_facet Xiaopeng Li
Guangsheng Zhou
Li Zhou
Xiaomin Lv
Xiaohui He
Zhihui Tian
author_sort Xiaopeng Li
collection DOAJ
description Accurately extracting long-term urban and rural settlement (URS) information is crucial for studying urbanization processes and their impacts on the ecological environment. However, existing remote sensing extraction methods often rely on independent classification strategies for each period, leading to error accumulation and increased uncertainty in long-term sequence extraction. To address this, this study proposed a data/model-constrained dynamic extraction method for URS information and validated it using the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau at five-year intervals from 1985 to 2020. The area of URS extracted by this method had a matching degree of 97.79% with the reference, with an average overall accuracy of 93.25% and a kappa of 0.89 for the 1985–2020 confusion matrix sample. The urban and rural settlement boundary (URSB) extracted by this method were more accurate than the Global Urban Boundary (GUB) dataset, particularly in spatial completeness and boundary detail. The results provide technical support for uncovering urban development patterns and their environmental impacts.
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spelling doaj-art-0958f7356eee409cbd63aca1dfaa3b9a2025-08-20T02:48:07ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-01-0117340110.3390/rs17030401Multi-Source and Multitemporal Urban and Rural Settlement Mapping Under Spatial Constraint: Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Case StudyXiaopeng Li0Guangsheng Zhou1Li Zhou2Xiaomin Lv3Xiaohui He4Zhihui Tian5State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaThe School of Geo-Science & Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaThe School of Geo-Science & Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, ChinaAccurately extracting long-term urban and rural settlement (URS) information is crucial for studying urbanization processes and their impacts on the ecological environment. However, existing remote sensing extraction methods often rely on independent classification strategies for each period, leading to error accumulation and increased uncertainty in long-term sequence extraction. To address this, this study proposed a data/model-constrained dynamic extraction method for URS information and validated it using the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau at five-year intervals from 1985 to 2020. The area of URS extracted by this method had a matching degree of 97.79% with the reference, with an average overall accuracy of 93.25% and a kappa of 0.89 for the 1985–2020 confusion matrix sample. The urban and rural settlement boundary (URSB) extracted by this method were more accurate than the Global Urban Boundary (GUB) dataset, particularly in spatial completeness and boundary detail. The results provide technical support for uncovering urban development patterns and their environmental impacts.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/3/401urban and rural settlementsboundarymulti-source data/model constraint methodlong time series extractionQinghai–Tibet Plateau
spellingShingle Xiaopeng Li
Guangsheng Zhou
Li Zhou
Xiaomin Lv
Xiaohui He
Zhihui Tian
Multi-Source and Multitemporal Urban and Rural Settlement Mapping Under Spatial Constraint: Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Case Study
Remote Sensing
urban and rural settlements
boundary
multi-source data/model constraint method
long time series extraction
Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
title Multi-Source and Multitemporal Urban and Rural Settlement Mapping Under Spatial Constraint: Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Case Study
title_full Multi-Source and Multitemporal Urban and Rural Settlement Mapping Under Spatial Constraint: Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Case Study
title_fullStr Multi-Source and Multitemporal Urban and Rural Settlement Mapping Under Spatial Constraint: Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Case Study
title_full_unstemmed Multi-Source and Multitemporal Urban and Rural Settlement Mapping Under Spatial Constraint: Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Case Study
title_short Multi-Source and Multitemporal Urban and Rural Settlement Mapping Under Spatial Constraint: Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Case Study
title_sort multi source and multitemporal urban and rural settlement mapping under spatial constraint qinghai tibetan plateau case study
topic urban and rural settlements
boundary
multi-source data/model constraint method
long time series extraction
Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/3/401
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