Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies
Objective(s): For designing a suitable hydrogel, two crosslinked Alginate/ Carboxymethyl cellulose (Alg/CMC) hydrogel, using calcium chloride (Ca2+) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as crosslinking agents were synthesized and compared.Materials and Methods: All samples were characterized by Fourier Transform...
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| Format: | Article |
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Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25236_146bcbee05f5df00e302c53b916f402b.pdf |
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| author | Naimeh Mahheidari Morteza Alizadeh Mohammad Kamalabadi farahani Zohreh Arabpour Nariman Rezaei kolarijani Ali R. Djalilian Majid Salehi |
| author_facet | Naimeh Mahheidari Morteza Alizadeh Mohammad Kamalabadi farahani Zohreh Arabpour Nariman Rezaei kolarijani Ali R. Djalilian Majid Salehi |
| author_sort | Naimeh Mahheidari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective(s): For designing a suitable hydrogel, two crosslinked Alginate/ Carboxymethyl cellulose (Alg/CMC) hydrogel, using calcium chloride (Ca2+) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as crosslinking agents were synthesized and compared.Materials and Methods: All samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Blood compatibility (BC), Blood clotting index (BCI), weight loss (WL), water absorption (WA), pH, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Cell viability and cell migration were investigated using the MTT assay and the wound scratch test, respectively. Besides, the wound healing potential of prepared hydrogels was evaluated on the rat models with full-thickness skin excision. To further investigation, TGF β1, IGF-I, COL1, ACT-A (alfa-SMA), and GAPDH expression levels were also reported by RT-PCR. Results: Water absorption and weight loss properties were compared between different crosslinker agents, and the most nontoxic crosslinker concentration was determined. We have shown that GA (20 µl/ml) and Ca2+ (50 or 75 mM) enhanced the physical stability of Alg-CMC hydrogel, and they are nontoxic and suitable crosslinkers for wound dressing applications. Although in vivo assessments indicated that the GA (20 µl/ml) had a cytotoxic effect on tissue repair, Ca2+ (75 mM) boosted the wound healing process. Further, RT-PCR results revealed that TGF β1, IGF-I, COL1, ACT-A (alfa-SMA), and GAPDH expression levels were increased in GA (20 µl/ml). Moreover, this trend is the opposite in the Ca2+ (75 mM) treatment groups.Conclusion: This research shows that Ca2+ (75 mM) boosts tissue regeneration and wound healing process. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-093ff2b855af4e188f2bce618a88b9b1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2008-3866 2008-3874 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Mashhad University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-093ff2b855af4e188f2bce618a88b9b12025-08-20T02:48:06ZengMashhad University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences2008-38662008-38742025-02-0128219420810.22038/ijbms.2024.80137.1736125236Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studiesNaimeh Mahheidari0Morteza Alizadeh1Mohammad Kamalabadi farahani2Zohreh Arabpour3Nariman Rezaei kolarijani4Ali R. Djalilian5Majid Salehi6Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IranDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranTissue Engineering and stem cells research center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IranDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USAStudent Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IranDepartment of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USATissue Engineering and stem cells research center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, IranObjective(s): For designing a suitable hydrogel, two crosslinked Alginate/ Carboxymethyl cellulose (Alg/CMC) hydrogel, using calcium chloride (Ca2+) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as crosslinking agents were synthesized and compared.Materials and Methods: All samples were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Blood compatibility (BC), Blood clotting index (BCI), weight loss (WL), water absorption (WA), pH, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Cell viability and cell migration were investigated using the MTT assay and the wound scratch test, respectively. Besides, the wound healing potential of prepared hydrogels was evaluated on the rat models with full-thickness skin excision. To further investigation, TGF β1, IGF-I, COL1, ACT-A (alfa-SMA), and GAPDH expression levels were also reported by RT-PCR. Results: Water absorption and weight loss properties were compared between different crosslinker agents, and the most nontoxic crosslinker concentration was determined. We have shown that GA (20 µl/ml) and Ca2+ (50 or 75 mM) enhanced the physical stability of Alg-CMC hydrogel, and they are nontoxic and suitable crosslinkers for wound dressing applications. Although in vivo assessments indicated that the GA (20 µl/ml) had a cytotoxic effect on tissue repair, Ca2+ (75 mM) boosted the wound healing process. Further, RT-PCR results revealed that TGF β1, IGF-I, COL1, ACT-A (alfa-SMA), and GAPDH expression levels were increased in GA (20 µl/ml). Moreover, this trend is the opposite in the Ca2+ (75 mM) treatment groups.Conclusion: This research shows that Ca2+ (75 mM) boosts tissue regeneration and wound healing process.https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25236_146bcbee05f5df00e302c53b916f402b.pdfalginatecacl2carboxymethyl celluloseglutaraldehydetissue engineering |
| spellingShingle | Naimeh Mahheidari Morteza Alizadeh Mohammad Kamalabadi farahani Zohreh Arabpour Nariman Rezaei kolarijani Ali R. Djalilian Majid Salehi Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences alginate cacl2 carboxymethyl cellulose glutaraldehyde tissue engineering |
| title | Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies |
| title_full | Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies |
| title_fullStr | Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies |
| title_short | Regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers: In vitro and in vivo studies |
| title_sort | regeneration of the skin wound by two different crosslinkers in vitro and in vivo studies |
| topic | alginate cacl2 carboxymethyl cellulose glutaraldehyde tissue engineering |
| url | https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_25236_146bcbee05f5df00e302c53b916f402b.pdf |
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