Dynamic Model Selection in a Hybrid Ensemble Framework for Robust Photovoltaic Power Forecasting

As global electricity demand increases and concerns over fossil fuel usage intensify, renewable energy sources have gained significant attention. Solar energy stands out due to its low installation costs and suitability for deployment. However, solar power generation remains difficult to predict bec...

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Main Authors: Nakhun Song, Roberto Chang-Silva, Kyungil Lee, Seonyoung Park
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4489
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author Nakhun Song
Roberto Chang-Silva
Kyungil Lee
Seonyoung Park
author_facet Nakhun Song
Roberto Chang-Silva
Kyungil Lee
Seonyoung Park
author_sort Nakhun Song
collection DOAJ
description As global electricity demand increases and concerns over fossil fuel usage intensify, renewable energy sources have gained significant attention. Solar energy stands out due to its low installation costs and suitability for deployment. However, solar power generation remains difficult to predict because of its dependence on weather conditions and decentralized infrastructure. To address this challenge, this study proposes a flexible hybrid ensemble (FHE) framework that dynamically selects the most appropriate base model based on prediction error patterns. Unlike traditional ensemble methods that aggregate all base model outputs, the FHE employs a meta-model to leverage the strengths of individual models while mitigating their weaknesses. The FHE is evaluated using data from four solar power plants and is benchmarked against several state-of-the-art models and conventional hybrid ensemble techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the FHE framework achieves superior predictive performance, improving the Mean Absolute Percentage Error by 30% compared to the SVR model. Moreover, the FHE model maintains high accuracy across diverse weather conditions and eliminates the need for preliminary validation of base and ensemble models, streamlining the deployment process. These findings highlight the FHE framework’s potential as a robust and scalable solution for forecasting in small-scale distributed solar power systems.
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spelling doaj-art-0931e348041e42e988a0d0691e2a58972025-08-20T02:47:17ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-07-012514448910.3390/s25144489Dynamic Model Selection in a Hybrid Ensemble Framework for Robust Photovoltaic Power ForecastingNakhun Song0Roberto Chang-Silva1Kyungil Lee2Seonyoung Park3Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Republic of KoreaAs global electricity demand increases and concerns over fossil fuel usage intensify, renewable energy sources have gained significant attention. Solar energy stands out due to its low installation costs and suitability for deployment. However, solar power generation remains difficult to predict because of its dependence on weather conditions and decentralized infrastructure. To address this challenge, this study proposes a flexible hybrid ensemble (FHE) framework that dynamically selects the most appropriate base model based on prediction error patterns. Unlike traditional ensemble methods that aggregate all base model outputs, the FHE employs a meta-model to leverage the strengths of individual models while mitigating their weaknesses. The FHE is evaluated using data from four solar power plants and is benchmarked against several state-of-the-art models and conventional hybrid ensemble techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the FHE framework achieves superior predictive performance, improving the Mean Absolute Percentage Error by 30% compared to the SVR model. Moreover, the FHE model maintains high accuracy across diverse weather conditions and eliminates the need for preliminary validation of base and ensemble models, streamlining the deployment process. These findings highlight the FHE framework’s potential as a robust and scalable solution for forecasting in small-scale distributed solar power systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4489solar forecastinghybrid ensemblemeta-learningmeta-modelingsolar energy systemsrenewable integration
spellingShingle Nakhun Song
Roberto Chang-Silva
Kyungil Lee
Seonyoung Park
Dynamic Model Selection in a Hybrid Ensemble Framework for Robust Photovoltaic Power Forecasting
Sensors
solar forecasting
hybrid ensemble
meta-learning
meta-modeling
solar energy systems
renewable integration
title Dynamic Model Selection in a Hybrid Ensemble Framework for Robust Photovoltaic Power Forecasting
title_full Dynamic Model Selection in a Hybrid Ensemble Framework for Robust Photovoltaic Power Forecasting
title_fullStr Dynamic Model Selection in a Hybrid Ensemble Framework for Robust Photovoltaic Power Forecasting
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic Model Selection in a Hybrid Ensemble Framework for Robust Photovoltaic Power Forecasting
title_short Dynamic Model Selection in a Hybrid Ensemble Framework for Robust Photovoltaic Power Forecasting
title_sort dynamic model selection in a hybrid ensemble framework for robust photovoltaic power forecasting
topic solar forecasting
hybrid ensemble
meta-learning
meta-modeling
solar energy systems
renewable integration
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/14/4489
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AT kyungillee dynamicmodelselectioninahybridensembleframeworkforrobustphotovoltaicpowerforecasting
AT seonyoungpark dynamicmodelselectioninahybridensembleframeworkforrobustphotovoltaicpowerforecasting