NutriClayZn Binds Aflatoxin B1 and Suppresses Enterotoxigenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli
Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli represent foodborne pathogens that can trigger diarrhea and diminish weight gains in livestock, as well as cause gastroenteritis in humans. Although prophylactic antibiotics have been used historically on the farm to limit bacterial pathogens and promote a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Food Protection |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25000389 |
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| author | Steven J.T. Jackson Kathleen Andrews Robert E. Droleskey William J. Banz Gary A. Apgar Kelly J. Rivenbark Meichen Wang Robin C. Anderson Roger B. Harvey Timothy D. Phillips |
| author_facet | Steven J.T. Jackson Kathleen Andrews Robert E. Droleskey William J. Banz Gary A. Apgar Kelly J. Rivenbark Meichen Wang Robin C. Anderson Roger B. Harvey Timothy D. Phillips |
| author_sort | Steven J.T. Jackson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli represent foodborne pathogens that can trigger diarrhea and diminish weight gains in livestock, as well as cause gastroenteritis in humans. Although prophylactic antibiotics have been used historically on the farm to limit bacterial pathogens and promote animal growth, this practice may also foster antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains of bacteria and deplete our arsenal of effective antibiotic therapies. Incorporation of free chemical zinc oxide (ZnO) into animal feed, at doses far above nutritional requirements, has largely replaced prophylactic antibiotics; however, environmental concerns are mounting around unabsorbed zinc (excreted in feces) impacting soil microbes and thereby contributing to the AMR threat. Here, NutriClayZn is introduced as an analog of montmorillonite (MMT) clay with potent efficacy against foodborne bacterial pathogens and slow release of low concentrations of zinc. Bacterial propagation was assessed in culture experiments using NutriClayZn dosages aligned with current dietary MMT clay practices for the control of aflatoxin in production animals. Zinc release was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Significant (p < 0.05) growth reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium was observed following NutriClayZn exposures releasing less zinc than that contained within free chemical ZnO positive controls. Moreover, NutriClayZn displayed dose-dependent efficacy against an AMR strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7, while also binding aflatoxin B1 with kinetics similar to its parent MMT clay. These findings suggest that NutriClayZn could serve as a dual-purpose dietary substance, binding aflatoxin B1 and suppressing enterotoxigenic bacteria that can compromise the food supply. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-09181cfee31f41349fa1fc049e0f63f8 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 0362-028X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Food Protection |
| spelling | doaj-art-09181cfee31f41349fa1fc049e0f63f82025-08-20T03:18:31ZengElsevierJournal of Food Protection0362-028X2025-04-0188510048610.1016/j.jfp.2025.100486NutriClayZn Binds Aflatoxin B1 and Suppresses Enterotoxigenic Salmonella and Escherichia coliSteven J.T. Jackson0Kathleen Andrews1Robert E. Droleskey2William J. Banz3Gary A. Apgar4Kelly J. Rivenbark5Meichen Wang6Robin C. Anderson7Roger B. Harvey8Timothy D. Phillips9College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United StatesFood and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas, United StatesFood and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas, United StatesSchool of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United StatesSchool of Agricultural Sciences, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, United StatesCollege of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United StatesDepartment of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United StatesFood and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas, United StatesFood and Feed Safety Research Unit, USDA Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas, United StatesCollege of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States; Corresponding author.Salmonella Typhimurium and Escherichia coli represent foodborne pathogens that can trigger diarrhea and diminish weight gains in livestock, as well as cause gastroenteritis in humans. Although prophylactic antibiotics have been used historically on the farm to limit bacterial pathogens and promote animal growth, this practice may also foster antimicrobial resistant (AMR) strains of bacteria and deplete our arsenal of effective antibiotic therapies. Incorporation of free chemical zinc oxide (ZnO) into animal feed, at doses far above nutritional requirements, has largely replaced prophylactic antibiotics; however, environmental concerns are mounting around unabsorbed zinc (excreted in feces) impacting soil microbes and thereby contributing to the AMR threat. Here, NutriClayZn is introduced as an analog of montmorillonite (MMT) clay with potent efficacy against foodborne bacterial pathogens and slow release of low concentrations of zinc. Bacterial propagation was assessed in culture experiments using NutriClayZn dosages aligned with current dietary MMT clay practices for the control of aflatoxin in production animals. Zinc release was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Significant (p < 0.05) growth reduction of Salmonella Typhimurium was observed following NutriClayZn exposures releasing less zinc than that contained within free chemical ZnO positive controls. Moreover, NutriClayZn displayed dose-dependent efficacy against an AMR strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7, while also binding aflatoxin B1 with kinetics similar to its parent MMT clay. These findings suggest that NutriClayZn could serve as a dual-purpose dietary substance, binding aflatoxin B1 and suppressing enterotoxigenic bacteria that can compromise the food supply.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25000389Antimicrobial resistantMontmorillonite clayZinc |
| spellingShingle | Steven J.T. Jackson Kathleen Andrews Robert E. Droleskey William J. Banz Gary A. Apgar Kelly J. Rivenbark Meichen Wang Robin C. Anderson Roger B. Harvey Timothy D. Phillips NutriClayZn Binds Aflatoxin B1 and Suppresses Enterotoxigenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli Journal of Food Protection Antimicrobial resistant Montmorillonite clay Zinc |
| title | NutriClayZn Binds Aflatoxin B1 and Suppresses Enterotoxigenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli |
| title_full | NutriClayZn Binds Aflatoxin B1 and Suppresses Enterotoxigenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli |
| title_fullStr | NutriClayZn Binds Aflatoxin B1 and Suppresses Enterotoxigenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli |
| title_full_unstemmed | NutriClayZn Binds Aflatoxin B1 and Suppresses Enterotoxigenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli |
| title_short | NutriClayZn Binds Aflatoxin B1 and Suppresses Enterotoxigenic Salmonella and Escherichia coli |
| title_sort | nutriclayzn binds aflatoxin b1 and suppresses enterotoxigenic salmonella and escherichia coli |
| topic | Antimicrobial resistant Montmorillonite clay Zinc |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0362028X25000389 |
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