Predictors of mortality among individuals with advanced HIV disease in a contemporary Brazilian cohort

Objective. To identify clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mortality, with a focus on opportunistic infections (OIs), in patients with advanced HIV in Brazil. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted in five Brazilian tertiary hospitals, including 419 adults with advan...

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Main Authors: Nicole Reis, Omar Sued, Tarsila Vieceli, Diego R. Falci, Larissa R. Silva, Pedro M. Fonseca, Renata B. A. Soares, Cassia S. M. Godoy, Marineide G. Melo, Nayla A. Hatem, Ana C. G. Castelo, Freddy Perez, Alessandro C. Pasqualotto
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pan American Health Organization 2025-04-01
Series:Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
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Online Access:https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/66224
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author Nicole Reis
Omar Sued
Tarsila Vieceli
Diego R. Falci
Larissa R. Silva
Pedro M. Fonseca
Renata B. A. Soares
Cassia S. M. Godoy
Marineide G. Melo
Nayla A. Hatem
Ana C. G. Castelo
Freddy Perez
Alessandro C. Pasqualotto
author_facet Nicole Reis
Omar Sued
Tarsila Vieceli
Diego R. Falci
Larissa R. Silva
Pedro M. Fonseca
Renata B. A. Soares
Cassia S. M. Godoy
Marineide G. Melo
Nayla A. Hatem
Ana C. G. Castelo
Freddy Perez
Alessandro C. Pasqualotto
author_sort Nicole Reis
collection DOAJ
description Objective. To identify clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mortality, with a focus on opportunistic infections (OIs), in patients with advanced HIV in Brazil. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted in five Brazilian tertiary hospitals, including 419 adults with advanced HIV. Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected during hospital admission, and participants were screened for tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis using rapid diagnostic tests. Participants were followed for 90 days to assess mortality, with causes of death classified using the Coding of Death in HIV (CoDe) protocol. Statistical analysis identified the variables associated with mortality. Results. The median CD4 count was 66 cells/mm³, and the median HIV viral load was 104 887 copies/mL. After 90 days, 18.1% of participants had died. ART-naive status, mental confusion, anemia, and elevated creatinine levels were strongly associated with mortality. OIs were diagnosed in 45.6% of participants, with severe histoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis significantly increasing the risk of mortality. Social determinants, such as sex, race, gender, and education level, did not have a significant impact on mortality, but socio-economic factors influenced health care access. Conclusion. Early HIV diagnosis and continuous ART are essential to reduce mortality. Public health strategies should prioritize improving HIV testing, treatment adherence, and addressing social disparities to mitigate health care inequalities.
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spelling doaj-art-08f84b2b71a441808b0143e8b526207d2025-08-20T02:26:46ZengPan American Health OrganizationRevista Panamericana de Salud Pública1020-49891680-53482025-04-0149361910.26633/RPSP.2025.36rpspPredictors of mortality among individuals with advanced HIV disease in a contemporary Brazilian cohortNicole Reis0Omar Sued1Tarsila Vieceli2Diego R. Falci3Larissa R. Silva4Pedro M. Fonseca5Renata B. A. Soares6Cassia S. M. Godoy7Marineide G. Melo8Nayla A. Hatem9Ana C. G. Castelo10Freddy Perez11Alessandro C. Pasqualotto12Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America.Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Hospital Estadual de Doenças Tropicais Dr Anuar Auad, Goiânia, Brazil.Hospital Estadual de Doenças Tropicais Dr Anuar Auad, Goiânia, Brazil.Grupo Hospitalar Conceição, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America.Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.Objective. To identify clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with mortality, with a focus on opportunistic infections (OIs), in patients with advanced HIV in Brazil. Methods. A prospective cohort study was conducted in five Brazilian tertiary hospitals, including 419 adults with advanced HIV. Baseline demographic and clinical data were collected during hospital admission, and participants were screened for tuberculosis, cryptococcosis, and histoplasmosis using rapid diagnostic tests. Participants were followed for 90 days to assess mortality, with causes of death classified using the Coding of Death in HIV (CoDe) protocol. Statistical analysis identified the variables associated with mortality. Results. The median CD4 count was 66 cells/mm³, and the median HIV viral load was 104 887 copies/mL. After 90 days, 18.1% of participants had died. ART-naive status, mental confusion, anemia, and elevated creatinine levels were strongly associated with mortality. OIs were diagnosed in 45.6% of participants, with severe histoplasmosis and cryptococcal meningitis significantly increasing the risk of mortality. Social determinants, such as sex, race, gender, and education level, did not have a significant impact on mortality, but socio-economic factors influenced health care access. Conclusion. Early HIV diagnosis and continuous ART are essential to reduce mortality. Public health strategies should prioritize improving HIV testing, treatment adherence, and addressing social disparities to mitigate health care inequalities.https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/66224hivaids-related opportunistic infectionspoint-of-care testingmortalityrisk factors
spellingShingle Nicole Reis
Omar Sued
Tarsila Vieceli
Diego R. Falci
Larissa R. Silva
Pedro M. Fonseca
Renata B. A. Soares
Cassia S. M. Godoy
Marineide G. Melo
Nayla A. Hatem
Ana C. G. Castelo
Freddy Perez
Alessandro C. Pasqualotto
Predictors of mortality among individuals with advanced HIV disease in a contemporary Brazilian cohort
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública
hiv
aids-related opportunistic infections
point-of-care testing
mortality
risk factors
title Predictors of mortality among individuals with advanced HIV disease in a contemporary Brazilian cohort
title_full Predictors of mortality among individuals with advanced HIV disease in a contemporary Brazilian cohort
title_fullStr Predictors of mortality among individuals with advanced HIV disease in a contemporary Brazilian cohort
title_full_unstemmed Predictors of mortality among individuals with advanced HIV disease in a contemporary Brazilian cohort
title_short Predictors of mortality among individuals with advanced HIV disease in a contemporary Brazilian cohort
title_sort predictors of mortality among individuals with advanced hiv disease in a contemporary brazilian cohort
topic hiv
aids-related opportunistic infections
point-of-care testing
mortality
risk factors
url https://iris.paho.org/handle/10665.2/66224
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