Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes

Hydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH), the most potent oxidants among reactive oxygen species (ROS), are a major contributor to oxidative damage of biomacromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins. The overproduction of <sup>•</sup>OH is implicated in the pathogenesis of n...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Eleanor C. Ransdell-Green, Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz, Dong Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Antioxidants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/79
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1832589233515134976
author Eleanor C. Ransdell-Green
Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz
Dong Wang
author_facet Eleanor C. Ransdell-Green
Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz
Dong Wang
author_sort Eleanor C. Ransdell-Green
collection DOAJ
description Hydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH), the most potent oxidants among reactive oxygen species (ROS), are a major contributor to oxidative damage of biomacromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins. The overproduction of <sup>•</sup>OH is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and some cardiovascular pathologies. Given the localized nature of <sup>•</sup>OH-induced damage, detecting <sup>•</sup>OH, specifically near DNA and within organelles, is crucial for understanding their pathological roles. The major challenge of <sup>•</sup>OH detection results from their short half-life, high reactivity, and low concentrations within biological systems. As a result, there is a growing need for the development of highly sensitive and selective probes that can detect <sup>•</sup>OH in specific cellular regions. This review focuses on the advances in fluorescence probes designed to detect <sup>•</sup>OH near DNA and within cellular organelles and membranes. The key designs of the probes are highlighted, with emphasis on their strengths, applications, and limitations. Recommendations for future research directions are given to further enhance probe development and characterization.
format Article
id doaj-art-08df1d93c59b47dd8ba881533aa7762f
institution Kabale University
issn 2076-3921
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Antioxidants
spelling doaj-art-08df1d93c59b47dd8ba881533aa7762f2025-01-24T13:19:25ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-011417910.3390/antiox14010079Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and MembranesEleanor C. Ransdell-Green0Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz1Dong Wang2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USAHydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH), the most potent oxidants among reactive oxygen species (ROS), are a major contributor to oxidative damage of biomacromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins. The overproduction of <sup>•</sup>OH is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and some cardiovascular pathologies. Given the localized nature of <sup>•</sup>OH-induced damage, detecting <sup>•</sup>OH, specifically near DNA and within organelles, is crucial for understanding their pathological roles. The major challenge of <sup>•</sup>OH detection results from their short half-life, high reactivity, and low concentrations within biological systems. As a result, there is a growing need for the development of highly sensitive and selective probes that can detect <sup>•</sup>OH in specific cellular regions. This review focuses on the advances in fluorescence probes designed to detect <sup>•</sup>OH near DNA and within cellular organelles and membranes. The key designs of the probes are highlighted, with emphasis on their strengths, applications, and limitations. Recommendations for future research directions are given to further enhance probe development and characterization.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/79hydroxyl radicalsreactive oxygen speciesfluorescence detectionDNA-targetingorganelle-targetingcoumarin-based probes
spellingShingle Eleanor C. Ransdell-Green
Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz
Dong Wang
Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes
Antioxidants
hydroxyl radicals
reactive oxygen species
fluorescence detection
DNA-targeting
organelle-targeting
coumarin-based probes
title Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes
title_full Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes
title_fullStr Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes
title_full_unstemmed Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes
title_short Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes
title_sort advances in fluorescence techniques for the detection of hydroxyl radicals near dna and within organelles and membranes
topic hydroxyl radicals
reactive oxygen species
fluorescence detection
DNA-targeting
organelle-targeting
coumarin-based probes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/79
work_keys_str_mv AT eleanorcransdellgreen advancesinfluorescencetechniquesforthedetectionofhydroxylradicalsneardnaandwithinorganellesandmembranes
AT janinabaranowskakortylewicz advancesinfluorescencetechniquesforthedetectionofhydroxylradicalsneardnaandwithinorganellesandmembranes
AT dongwang advancesinfluorescencetechniquesforthedetectionofhydroxylradicalsneardnaandwithinorganellesandmembranes