Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes
Hydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH), the most potent oxidants among reactive oxygen species (ROS), are a major contributor to oxidative damage of biomacromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins. The overproduction of <sup>•</sup>OH is implicated in the pathogenesis of n...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/79 |
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| author | Eleanor C. Ransdell-Green Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz Dong Wang |
| author_facet | Eleanor C. Ransdell-Green Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz Dong Wang |
| author_sort | Eleanor C. Ransdell-Green |
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| description | Hydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH), the most potent oxidants among reactive oxygen species (ROS), are a major contributor to oxidative damage of biomacromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins. The overproduction of <sup>•</sup>OH is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and some cardiovascular pathologies. Given the localized nature of <sup>•</sup>OH-induced damage, detecting <sup>•</sup>OH, specifically near DNA and within organelles, is crucial for understanding their pathological roles. The major challenge of <sup>•</sup>OH detection results from their short half-life, high reactivity, and low concentrations within biological systems. As a result, there is a growing need for the development of highly sensitive and selective probes that can detect <sup>•</sup>OH in specific cellular regions. This review focuses on the advances in fluorescence probes designed to detect <sup>•</sup>OH near DNA and within cellular organelles and membranes. The key designs of the probes are highlighted, with emphasis on their strengths, applications, and limitations. Recommendations for future research directions are given to further enhance probe development and characterization. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-08df1d93c59b47dd8ba881533aa7762f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-08df1d93c59b47dd8ba881533aa7762f2025-01-24T13:19:25ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-01-011417910.3390/antiox14010079Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and MembranesEleanor C. Ransdell-Green0Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz1Dong Wang2Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USAHydroxyl radicals (<sup>•</sup>OH), the most potent oxidants among reactive oxygen species (ROS), are a major contributor to oxidative damage of biomacromolecules, including DNA, lipids, and proteins. The overproduction of <sup>•</sup>OH is implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and some cardiovascular pathologies. Given the localized nature of <sup>•</sup>OH-induced damage, detecting <sup>•</sup>OH, specifically near DNA and within organelles, is crucial for understanding their pathological roles. The major challenge of <sup>•</sup>OH detection results from their short half-life, high reactivity, and low concentrations within biological systems. As a result, there is a growing need for the development of highly sensitive and selective probes that can detect <sup>•</sup>OH in specific cellular regions. This review focuses on the advances in fluorescence probes designed to detect <sup>•</sup>OH near DNA and within cellular organelles and membranes. The key designs of the probes are highlighted, with emphasis on their strengths, applications, and limitations. Recommendations for future research directions are given to further enhance probe development and characterization.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/79hydroxyl radicalsreactive oxygen speciesfluorescence detectionDNA-targetingorganelle-targetingcoumarin-based probes |
| spellingShingle | Eleanor C. Ransdell-Green Janina Baranowska-Kortylewicz Dong Wang Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes Antioxidants hydroxyl radicals reactive oxygen species fluorescence detection DNA-targeting organelle-targeting coumarin-based probes |
| title | Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes |
| title_full | Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes |
| title_short | Advances in Fluorescence Techniques for the Detection of Hydroxyl Radicals near DNA and Within Organelles and Membranes |
| title_sort | advances in fluorescence techniques for the detection of hydroxyl radicals near dna and within organelles and membranes |
| topic | hydroxyl radicals reactive oxygen species fluorescence detection DNA-targeting organelle-targeting coumarin-based probes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/1/79 |
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