Dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture-based learning of university physics

Abstract Academic institutions are increasingly adopting active learning methods to enhance educational outcomes. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated neurobiological differences between active learning and traditional lecture-based approaches in university physics edu...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Donisha D. Smith, Jessica E. Bartley, Julio A. Peraza, Katherine L. Bottenhorn, Jason S. Nomi, Lucina Q. Uddin, Michael C. Riedel, Taylor Salo, Robert W. Laird, Shannon M. Pruden, Matthew T. Sutherland, Eric Brewe, Angela R. Laird
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Science of Learning
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00348-9
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849736006681493504
author Donisha D. Smith
Jessica E. Bartley
Julio A. Peraza
Katherine L. Bottenhorn
Jason S. Nomi
Lucina Q. Uddin
Michael C. Riedel
Taylor Salo
Robert W. Laird
Shannon M. Pruden
Matthew T. Sutherland
Eric Brewe
Angela R. Laird
author_facet Donisha D. Smith
Jessica E. Bartley
Julio A. Peraza
Katherine L. Bottenhorn
Jason S. Nomi
Lucina Q. Uddin
Michael C. Riedel
Taylor Salo
Robert W. Laird
Shannon M. Pruden
Matthew T. Sutherland
Eric Brewe
Angela R. Laird
author_sort Donisha D. Smith
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Academic institutions are increasingly adopting active learning methods to enhance educational outcomes. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated neurobiological differences between active learning and traditional lecture-based approaches in university physics education. Undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory physics course underwent an fMRI session before and after a 15-week semester. Coactivation pattern (CAP) analysis was used to examine the temporal dynamics of brain states across different cognitive contexts, including physics conceptual reasoning, physics knowledge retrieval, and rest. CAP results identified seven distinct brain states, with contributions from frontoparietal, somatomotor, and visuospatial networks. Among active learning students, physics learning was associated with increased engagement of a somatomotor network, supporting an embodied cognition framework, while lecture-based students demonstrated stronger engagement of a visuospatial network, consistent with observational learning. These findings suggest significant neural restructuring over a semester of physics learning, with different instructional approaches preferentially modulating distinct patterns of brain dynamics.
format Article
id doaj-art-08df1722cd4d4ea0a3e6135fadeb3b55
institution DOAJ
issn 2056-7936
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Science of Learning
spelling doaj-art-08df1722cd4d4ea0a3e6135fadeb3b552025-08-20T03:07:24ZengNature Portfolionpj Science of Learning2056-79362025-08-0110111810.1038/s41539-025-00348-9Dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture-based learning of university physicsDonisha D. Smith0Jessica E. Bartley1Julio A. Peraza2Katherine L. Bottenhorn3Jason S. Nomi4Lucina Q. Uddin5Michael C. Riedel6Taylor Salo7Robert W. Laird8Shannon M. Pruden9Matthew T. Sutherland10Eric Brewe11Angela R. Laird12Department of Psychology, Florida International UniversityDepartment of Physics, Florida International UniversityDepartment of Physics, Florida International UniversityDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern CaliforniaDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los AngelesDepartment of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los AngelesDepartment of Physics, Florida International UniversityDepartment of Medicine, Perlman Center of Advanced Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaDepartment of Physics, Florida International UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Florida International UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Florida International UniversityDepartment of Physics, Drexel UniversityDepartment of Physics, Florida International UniversityAbstract Academic institutions are increasingly adopting active learning methods to enhance educational outcomes. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we investigated neurobiological differences between active learning and traditional lecture-based approaches in university physics education. Undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory physics course underwent an fMRI session before and after a 15-week semester. Coactivation pattern (CAP) analysis was used to examine the temporal dynamics of brain states across different cognitive contexts, including physics conceptual reasoning, physics knowledge retrieval, and rest. CAP results identified seven distinct brain states, with contributions from frontoparietal, somatomotor, and visuospatial networks. Among active learning students, physics learning was associated with increased engagement of a somatomotor network, supporting an embodied cognition framework, while lecture-based students demonstrated stronger engagement of a visuospatial network, consistent with observational learning. These findings suggest significant neural restructuring over a semester of physics learning, with different instructional approaches preferentially modulating distinct patterns of brain dynamics.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00348-9
spellingShingle Donisha D. Smith
Jessica E. Bartley
Julio A. Peraza
Katherine L. Bottenhorn
Jason S. Nomi
Lucina Q. Uddin
Michael C. Riedel
Taylor Salo
Robert W. Laird
Shannon M. Pruden
Matthew T. Sutherland
Eric Brewe
Angela R. Laird
Dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture-based learning of university physics
npj Science of Learning
title Dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture-based learning of university physics
title_full Dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture-based learning of university physics
title_fullStr Dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture-based learning of university physics
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture-based learning of university physics
title_short Dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture-based learning of university physics
title_sort dynamic reconfiguration of brain coactivation states associated with active and lecture based learning of university physics
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00348-9
work_keys_str_mv AT donishadsmith dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT jessicaebartley dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT julioaperaza dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT katherinelbottenhorn dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT jasonsnomi dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT lucinaquddin dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT michaelcriedel dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT taylorsalo dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT robertwlaird dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT shannonmpruden dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT matthewtsutherland dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT ericbrewe dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics
AT angelarlaird dynamicreconfigurationofbraincoactivationstatesassociatedwithactiveandlecturebasedlearningofuniversityphysics