A novel ultra-low temperature cascade refrigeration with dual auxiliary loop to enhance thermal performance

Abstract A novel kind of cascade refrigeration cycle for ultra-low temperature applications has been proposed in the present work to enhance thermal performance with reduced carbon footprints more economically. The conventional cascade refrigeration system (CCRS) has been modified, implementing a si...

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Main Authors: Sachin Kumar, Pardeep Gahlot, Suresh Kumar, Aman Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08462-9
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author Sachin Kumar
Pardeep Gahlot
Suresh Kumar
Aman Kumar
author_facet Sachin Kumar
Pardeep Gahlot
Suresh Kumar
Aman Kumar
author_sort Sachin Kumar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A novel kind of cascade refrigeration cycle for ultra-low temperature applications has been proposed in the present work to enhance thermal performance with reduced carbon footprints more economically. The conventional cascade refrigeration system (CCRS) has been modified, implementing a single auxiliary cycle (CRSAC) and dual auxiliary cycle (CRDAC) between HT and LT cycle and their performances are compared with CCRS and cascade refrigeration system with mechanical precooling (CRMP). The implementation of auxiliary cycles enables the modified cascade refrigerators to operate with lower compression ratio. The CRDAC cycle consumes 24–40% less energy than CCRS, 51–68% less than CRMP, and 23–38% less than CRSAC. Keeping the condenser temperature fixed at 318 K, varying the evaporative temperature from 193 to 220 K, the COP values of CRDAC, CRSAC, CRMP, and CCRS vary from 1.245 to 2.181, 0.89 to 1.41, 0.44 to 0.64, and 0.68 to 1.1 respectively. The CRDAC cycle provides approximately 40%, 62%, and 32% lower TEWI values and 13%, 25%, and 33% fewer E.I.I. values than CCRS, CRMP, and CRSAC cycles. Under the same operating conditions, the CRDAC cycle runs at 30–41% lower operational cost than CRSAC, 35–68%, and 37–60% lower than CRMP and CCRS, respectively.
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spelling doaj-art-08dd9254cdcc4c5489508460b0275fb62025-08-20T03:03:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115112510.1038/s41598-025-08462-9A novel ultra-low temperature cascade refrigeration with dual auxiliary loop to enhance thermal performanceSachin Kumar0Pardeep Gahlot1Suresh Kumar2Aman Kumar3Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand UniversitySkill Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Shri Vishwakarma Skill UniversityDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand UniversityAbstract A novel kind of cascade refrigeration cycle for ultra-low temperature applications has been proposed in the present work to enhance thermal performance with reduced carbon footprints more economically. The conventional cascade refrigeration system (CCRS) has been modified, implementing a single auxiliary cycle (CRSAC) and dual auxiliary cycle (CRDAC) between HT and LT cycle and their performances are compared with CCRS and cascade refrigeration system with mechanical precooling (CRMP). The implementation of auxiliary cycles enables the modified cascade refrigerators to operate with lower compression ratio. The CRDAC cycle consumes 24–40% less energy than CCRS, 51–68% less than CRMP, and 23–38% less than CRSAC. Keeping the condenser temperature fixed at 318 K, varying the evaporative temperature from 193 to 220 K, the COP values of CRDAC, CRSAC, CRMP, and CCRS vary from 1.245 to 2.181, 0.89 to 1.41, 0.44 to 0.64, and 0.68 to 1.1 respectively. The CRDAC cycle provides approximately 40%, 62%, and 32% lower TEWI values and 13%, 25%, and 33% fewer E.I.I. values than CCRS, CRMP, and CRSAC cycles. Under the same operating conditions, the CRDAC cycle runs at 30–41% lower operational cost than CRSAC, 35–68%, and 37–60% lower than CRMP and CCRS, respectively.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08462-9Novel cascade refrigeration cycleUltra-low temperature coolingPerformance improvementEnvironmental impact
spellingShingle Sachin Kumar
Pardeep Gahlot
Suresh Kumar
Aman Kumar
A novel ultra-low temperature cascade refrigeration with dual auxiliary loop to enhance thermal performance
Scientific Reports
Novel cascade refrigeration cycle
Ultra-low temperature cooling
Performance improvement
Environmental impact
title A novel ultra-low temperature cascade refrigeration with dual auxiliary loop to enhance thermal performance
title_full A novel ultra-low temperature cascade refrigeration with dual auxiliary loop to enhance thermal performance
title_fullStr A novel ultra-low temperature cascade refrigeration with dual auxiliary loop to enhance thermal performance
title_full_unstemmed A novel ultra-low temperature cascade refrigeration with dual auxiliary loop to enhance thermal performance
title_short A novel ultra-low temperature cascade refrigeration with dual auxiliary loop to enhance thermal performance
title_sort novel ultra low temperature cascade refrigeration with dual auxiliary loop to enhance thermal performance
topic Novel cascade refrigeration cycle
Ultra-low temperature cooling
Performance improvement
Environmental impact
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08462-9
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