Novel Physical Unclonable Function Implementation for Microcontrollers and Field Programmable Gate Arrays
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are frequently exploited for security purposes. In particular, they are adopted to generate unique authentication passwords and cryptographic keys, with no need to store any secret information in non-volatile memories that can be easily attacked. In this paper, w...
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10942602/ |
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| author | Marco Grossi Martin Omana Cecilia Metra Andrea Acquaviva |
| author_facet | Marco Grossi Martin Omana Cecilia Metra Andrea Acquaviva |
| author_sort | Marco Grossi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are frequently exploited for security purposes. In particular, they are adopted to generate unique authentication passwords and cryptographic keys, with no need to store any secret information in non-volatile memories that can be easily attacked. In this paper, we present a novel PUF based structure, that can be implemented at low costs in microcontrollers and FPGAs, by exploiting the circuitry that is already present in their General Purpose Input-Output (GPIO) interface. The proposed PUF based scheme has been implemented on five different FPGA devices, in order to experimentally verify their correct operation under various realistic operating conditions. We will show that our proposed PUF based structure features a good uniqueness (of the 49.75%), a uniformity close to the ideal value of the 50%, an average steadiness of the 99.33%, and a maximum reliability of the 99.61%, for a temperature ranging from 5°C to 65°C. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-08c8a7dcbe424d33b519cf5c93e2ad0c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-08c8a7dcbe424d33b519cf5c93e2ad0c2025-08-20T03:07:28ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113559705598310.1109/ACCESS.2025.355543810942602Novel Physical Unclonable Function Implementation for Microcontrollers and Field Programmable Gate ArraysMarco Grossi0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1316-9035Martin Omana1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8976-5365Cecilia Metra2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1408-5725Andrea Acquaviva3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7323-759XDepartment of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Electrical Energy and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI), University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyPhysical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are frequently exploited for security purposes. In particular, they are adopted to generate unique authentication passwords and cryptographic keys, with no need to store any secret information in non-volatile memories that can be easily attacked. In this paper, we present a novel PUF based structure, that can be implemented at low costs in microcontrollers and FPGAs, by exploiting the circuitry that is already present in their General Purpose Input-Output (GPIO) interface. The proposed PUF based scheme has been implemented on five different FPGA devices, in order to experimentally verify their correct operation under various realistic operating conditions. We will show that our proposed PUF based structure features a good uniqueness (of the 49.75%), a uniformity close to the ideal value of the 50%, an average steadiness of the 99.33%, and a maximum reliability of the 99.61%, for a temperature ranging from 5°C to 65°C.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10942602/Physical unclonable functionsInternet of ThingsmicrocontrollerFPGAsecurity |
| spellingShingle | Marco Grossi Martin Omana Cecilia Metra Andrea Acquaviva Novel Physical Unclonable Function Implementation for Microcontrollers and Field Programmable Gate Arrays IEEE Access Physical unclonable functions Internet of Things microcontroller FPGA security |
| title | Novel Physical Unclonable Function Implementation for Microcontrollers and Field Programmable Gate Arrays |
| title_full | Novel Physical Unclonable Function Implementation for Microcontrollers and Field Programmable Gate Arrays |
| title_fullStr | Novel Physical Unclonable Function Implementation for Microcontrollers and Field Programmable Gate Arrays |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Physical Unclonable Function Implementation for Microcontrollers and Field Programmable Gate Arrays |
| title_short | Novel Physical Unclonable Function Implementation for Microcontrollers and Field Programmable Gate Arrays |
| title_sort | novel physical unclonable function implementation for microcontrollers and field programmable gate arrays |
| topic | Physical unclonable functions Internet of Things microcontroller FPGA security |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10942602/ |
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