Detection of mare parturition through balanced multi-scale feature fusion based on improved Libra RCNN.

Once a mare experiences parturition abnormalities, the outcome between a live foal and a stillborn can change rapidly. Automated detection of mare parturition and timely human intervention is crucial to reducing risks during mare and foal parturition. This paper addresses the challenges of manual mo...

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Main Authors: Buyu Wang, Weijun Duan, Jian Zhao, Dongyi Bai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318498
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author Buyu Wang
Weijun Duan
Jian Zhao
Dongyi Bai
author_facet Buyu Wang
Weijun Duan
Jian Zhao
Dongyi Bai
author_sort Buyu Wang
collection DOAJ
description Once a mare experiences parturition abnormalities, the outcome between a live foal and a stillborn can change rapidly. Automated detection of mare parturition and timely human intervention is crucial to reducing risks during mare and foal parturition. This paper addresses the challenges of manual monitoring of parturition in large-scale equine facilities due to the unpredictability of mare parturition timing, proposing an algorithm for detecting mare parturition through a balanced multi-scale feature fusion based on an improved Libra RCNN. Initially, a ResNet101 backbone network incorporating the CBAM attention module was used to enhance parturition feature extraction capability; subsequently, a balanced content-aware feature reassembly feature pyramid, CARAFE-BFP, was employed to mitigate data imbalance effects while enhancing the quality of feature map upsampling; finally, the GRoIE module was utilized to merge CARAFE-BFP's multi-scale features, improving the model's perception of multi-scale objectives and minor feature changes. The model achieved a mean average precision of 86.26% in scenarios of imbalanced positive and negative samples of mare parturition data, subtle parturition feature differences, and multi-scale data distribution, with a detection speed of 15.06 images per second and an average recall rate of 98.17%. Moreover, this study employed a statistical method combined with a sliding window mechanism to assess the algorithm's performance in detecting mare parturition in video stream continuous monitoring scenarios, achieving an accuracy rate of 92.75% for mare parturition detection. The algorithm proposed in this study achieved non-contact, stress-free, intensive, and automated detection of mare parturition, also demonstrating the immense potential of artificial intelligence technology in the field of animal production management.
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spelling doaj-art-08c500052bcc4733bf2aee4f876c9fec2025-08-20T03:52:47ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01203e031849810.1371/journal.pone.0318498Detection of mare parturition through balanced multi-scale feature fusion based on improved Libra RCNN.Buyu WangWeijun DuanJian ZhaoDongyi BaiOnce a mare experiences parturition abnormalities, the outcome between a live foal and a stillborn can change rapidly. Automated detection of mare parturition and timely human intervention is crucial to reducing risks during mare and foal parturition. This paper addresses the challenges of manual monitoring of parturition in large-scale equine facilities due to the unpredictability of mare parturition timing, proposing an algorithm for detecting mare parturition through a balanced multi-scale feature fusion based on an improved Libra RCNN. Initially, a ResNet101 backbone network incorporating the CBAM attention module was used to enhance parturition feature extraction capability; subsequently, a balanced content-aware feature reassembly feature pyramid, CARAFE-BFP, was employed to mitigate data imbalance effects while enhancing the quality of feature map upsampling; finally, the GRoIE module was utilized to merge CARAFE-BFP's multi-scale features, improving the model's perception of multi-scale objectives and minor feature changes. The model achieved a mean average precision of 86.26% in scenarios of imbalanced positive and negative samples of mare parturition data, subtle parturition feature differences, and multi-scale data distribution, with a detection speed of 15.06 images per second and an average recall rate of 98.17%. Moreover, this study employed a statistical method combined with a sliding window mechanism to assess the algorithm's performance in detecting mare parturition in video stream continuous monitoring scenarios, achieving an accuracy rate of 92.75% for mare parturition detection. The algorithm proposed in this study achieved non-contact, stress-free, intensive, and automated detection of mare parturition, also demonstrating the immense potential of artificial intelligence technology in the field of animal production management.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318498
spellingShingle Buyu Wang
Weijun Duan
Jian Zhao
Dongyi Bai
Detection of mare parturition through balanced multi-scale feature fusion based on improved Libra RCNN.
PLoS ONE
title Detection of mare parturition through balanced multi-scale feature fusion based on improved Libra RCNN.
title_full Detection of mare parturition through balanced multi-scale feature fusion based on improved Libra RCNN.
title_fullStr Detection of mare parturition through balanced multi-scale feature fusion based on improved Libra RCNN.
title_full_unstemmed Detection of mare parturition through balanced multi-scale feature fusion based on improved Libra RCNN.
title_short Detection of mare parturition through balanced multi-scale feature fusion based on improved Libra RCNN.
title_sort detection of mare parturition through balanced multi scale feature fusion based on improved libra rcnn
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318498
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AT weijunduan detectionofmareparturitionthroughbalancedmultiscalefeaturefusionbasedonimprovedlibrarcnn
AT jianzhao detectionofmareparturitionthroughbalancedmultiscalefeaturefusionbasedonimprovedlibrarcnn
AT dongyibai detectionofmareparturitionthroughbalancedmultiscalefeaturefusionbasedonimprovedlibrarcnn