Trench motion‐controlled slab morphology and stress variations: Implications for the isolated 2015 Bonin Islands deep earthquake

Abstract The subducted old and cold Pacific Plate beneath the young Philippine Sea Plate at the Izu‐Bonin trench over the Cenozoic hosts regional deep earthquakes. We investigate slab morphology and stress regimes under different trench motion histories with mantle convection models. Viscosity, temp...

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Main Authors: Ting Yang, Michael Gurnis, Zhongwen Zhan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2017-07-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073989
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author Ting Yang
Michael Gurnis
Zhongwen Zhan
author_facet Ting Yang
Michael Gurnis
Zhongwen Zhan
author_sort Ting Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The subducted old and cold Pacific Plate beneath the young Philippine Sea Plate at the Izu‐Bonin trench over the Cenozoic hosts regional deep earthquakes. We investigate slab morphology and stress regimes under different trench motion histories with mantle convection models. Viscosity, temperature, and deviatoric stress are inherently heterogeneous within the slab, which we link to the occurrence of isolated earthquakes. Models expand on previous suggestions that observed slab morphology variations along the Izu‐Bonin subduction zone, exhibited as shallow slab dip angles in the north and steeper dip angles in the south, are mainly due to variations in the rate of trench retreat from the north (where it is fast) to the south (where it is slow). Geodynamic models consistent with the regional plate tectonics, including oceanic plate age, plate convergence rate, and trench motion history, reproduce the seismologically observed principal stress direction and slab morphology. We suggest that the isolated ~680 km deep, 30 May 2015 Mw 7.9 Bonin Islands earthquake, which lies east of the well‐defined Benioff zone and has its principal compressional stress direction oriented toward the tip of the previously defined Benioff zone, can be explained by Pacific slab buckling in response to the slow trench retreat.
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spelling doaj-art-08bdd53a16e240d2aa0b81bb4b965d432025-08-20T01:51:46ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072017-07-0144136641665010.1002/2017GL073989Trench motion‐controlled slab morphology and stress variations: Implications for the isolated 2015 Bonin Islands deep earthquakeTing Yang0Michael Gurnis1Zhongwen Zhan2Seismological Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USASeismological Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USASeismological Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USAAbstract The subducted old and cold Pacific Plate beneath the young Philippine Sea Plate at the Izu‐Bonin trench over the Cenozoic hosts regional deep earthquakes. We investigate slab morphology and stress regimes under different trench motion histories with mantle convection models. Viscosity, temperature, and deviatoric stress are inherently heterogeneous within the slab, which we link to the occurrence of isolated earthquakes. Models expand on previous suggestions that observed slab morphology variations along the Izu‐Bonin subduction zone, exhibited as shallow slab dip angles in the north and steeper dip angles in the south, are mainly due to variations in the rate of trench retreat from the north (where it is fast) to the south (where it is slow). Geodynamic models consistent with the regional plate tectonics, including oceanic plate age, plate convergence rate, and trench motion history, reproduce the seismologically observed principal stress direction and slab morphology. We suggest that the isolated ~680 km deep, 30 May 2015 Mw 7.9 Bonin Islands earthquake, which lies east of the well‐defined Benioff zone and has its principal compressional stress direction oriented toward the tip of the previously defined Benioff zone, can be explained by Pacific slab buckling in response to the slow trench retreat.https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073989trench motionslab dynamicsdeep earthquakeisolated eventsnonlinear viscosityBonin Islands
spellingShingle Ting Yang
Michael Gurnis
Zhongwen Zhan
Trench motion‐controlled slab morphology and stress variations: Implications for the isolated 2015 Bonin Islands deep earthquake
Geophysical Research Letters
trench motion
slab dynamics
deep earthquake
isolated events
nonlinear viscosity
Bonin Islands
title Trench motion‐controlled slab morphology and stress variations: Implications for the isolated 2015 Bonin Islands deep earthquake
title_full Trench motion‐controlled slab morphology and stress variations: Implications for the isolated 2015 Bonin Islands deep earthquake
title_fullStr Trench motion‐controlled slab morphology and stress variations: Implications for the isolated 2015 Bonin Islands deep earthquake
title_full_unstemmed Trench motion‐controlled slab morphology and stress variations: Implications for the isolated 2015 Bonin Islands deep earthquake
title_short Trench motion‐controlled slab morphology and stress variations: Implications for the isolated 2015 Bonin Islands deep earthquake
title_sort trench motion controlled slab morphology and stress variations implications for the isolated 2015 bonin islands deep earthquake
topic trench motion
slab dynamics
deep earthquake
isolated events
nonlinear viscosity
Bonin Islands
url https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073989
work_keys_str_mv AT tingyang trenchmotioncontrolledslabmorphologyandstressvariationsimplicationsfortheisolated2015boninislandsdeepearthquake
AT michaelgurnis trenchmotioncontrolledslabmorphologyandstressvariationsimplicationsfortheisolated2015boninislandsdeepearthquake
AT zhongwenzhan trenchmotioncontrolledslabmorphologyandstressvariationsimplicationsfortheisolated2015boninislandsdeepearthquake