The upper-level atmospheric pathway of ENSO’s impact on winter rainfall in southern China

Abstract Using observational and reanalysis datasets from 1979 to 2023, this study investigates the role of upper- and middle-tropospheric circulation anomalies in mediating the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on South China winter precipitation (SCWP). The results show that El Niño...

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Main Authors: Jiawen Zhang, Kaiming Hu, Gang Huang, Ya Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Geoscience Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-025-00398-2
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author Jiawen Zhang
Kaiming Hu
Gang Huang
Ya Wang
author_facet Jiawen Zhang
Kaiming Hu
Gang Huang
Ya Wang
author_sort Jiawen Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Using observational and reanalysis datasets from 1979 to 2023, this study investigates the role of upper- and middle-tropospheric circulation anomalies in mediating the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on South China winter precipitation (SCWP). The results show that El Niño events trigger a prominent quasi-barotropic cyclonic anomaly over East Asia, with peak intensity occurring between 150 and 200-hPa in the upper troposphere. Eastward of this anomaly, mid-tropospheric southerly wind anomalies induce warm air advection along the East Asian coastline, which enhances vertical upward motion. Additionally, the differential vertical vorticity advection—driven by stronger vorticity anomalies and amplified zonal winds in the upper troposphere compared to the lower levels—further intensifies the ascending motion along the eastern flank of the cyclonic anomaly. Consequently, this upper- and middle-tropospheric anomalous cyclone creates a corridor of ascending motion that extends from southern China to the region south of Japan, leading to the development of positive precipitation anomalies in the region. This finding could help improve the seasonal forecast skill of SCWP.
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spelling doaj-art-08b99209aebe4937995bc2c9fbfb5d6b2025-08-20T01:59:57ZengSpringerOpenGeoscience Letters2196-40922025-05-011211810.1186/s40562-025-00398-2The upper-level atmospheric pathway of ENSO’s impact on winter rainfall in southern ChinaJiawen Zhang0Kaiming Hu1Gang Huang2Ya Wang3Key Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesKey Laboratory of Earth System Numerical Modeling and Application, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Using observational and reanalysis datasets from 1979 to 2023, this study investigates the role of upper- and middle-tropospheric circulation anomalies in mediating the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on South China winter precipitation (SCWP). The results show that El Niño events trigger a prominent quasi-barotropic cyclonic anomaly over East Asia, with peak intensity occurring between 150 and 200-hPa in the upper troposphere. Eastward of this anomaly, mid-tropospheric southerly wind anomalies induce warm air advection along the East Asian coastline, which enhances vertical upward motion. Additionally, the differential vertical vorticity advection—driven by stronger vorticity anomalies and amplified zonal winds in the upper troposphere compared to the lower levels—further intensifies the ascending motion along the eastern flank of the cyclonic anomaly. Consequently, this upper- and middle-tropospheric anomalous cyclone creates a corridor of ascending motion that extends from southern China to the region south of Japan, leading to the development of positive precipitation anomalies in the region. This finding could help improve the seasonal forecast skill of SCWP.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-025-00398-2ENSOWinter precipitation in southern ChinaUpper layer
spellingShingle Jiawen Zhang
Kaiming Hu
Gang Huang
Ya Wang
The upper-level atmospheric pathway of ENSO’s impact on winter rainfall in southern China
Geoscience Letters
ENSO
Winter precipitation in southern China
Upper layer
title The upper-level atmospheric pathway of ENSO’s impact on winter rainfall in southern China
title_full The upper-level atmospheric pathway of ENSO’s impact on winter rainfall in southern China
title_fullStr The upper-level atmospheric pathway of ENSO’s impact on winter rainfall in southern China
title_full_unstemmed The upper-level atmospheric pathway of ENSO’s impact on winter rainfall in southern China
title_short The upper-level atmospheric pathway of ENSO’s impact on winter rainfall in southern China
title_sort upper level atmospheric pathway of enso s impact on winter rainfall in southern china
topic ENSO
Winter precipitation in southern China
Upper layer
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40562-025-00398-2
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