The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Glucose Homeostasis in Hospitalized Patients with Pulmonary Impairment
<b>Background and Objectives:</b> We conducted a retrospective observational study to evaluate the impact of elevated blood glucose levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) or newly diagnosed hyperglycemia. <b>Materials and Method...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/5/554 |
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| Summary: | <b>Background and Objectives:</b> We conducted a retrospective observational study to evaluate the impact of elevated blood glucose levels in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a prior diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) or newly diagnosed hyperglycemia. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> This study analyzed 6065 patients admitted to the COVID-19 departments of the “Marius Nasta” National Institute of Pulmonology in Bucharest, Romania, between 26 October 2020 and 5 January 2023. Of these, 813 patients (13.40%) were selected for analysis due to either a pre-existing diagnosis of DM or hyperglycemia at the time of hospital admission. <b>Results:</b> The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were elevated in patients with blood glucose levels exceeding 300 mg/dL. These elevations correlated with the presence of respiratory failure and increased mortality rates. Additionally, oxygen requirements were significantly higher at elevated blood glucose levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001), with a direct relationship between glycemia and oxygen demand. This was accompanied by lower oxygen saturation levels (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Maximum blood glucose levels were associated with the severity of respiratory failure (AUC 0.6, 95% CI: 0.56–0.63, <i>p</i> < 0.001). We identified cut-off values for blood glucose at admission (217.5 mg/dL) and maximum blood glucose during hospitalization (257.5 mg/dL), both of which were associated with disease severity and identified as risk factors for increased mortality. <b>Conclusions:</b> High blood glucose levels, both at admission and during hospitalization, were identified as risk factors for poor prognosis and increased mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of whether the hyperglycemia was due to a prior diagnosis of DM or was newly developed during the hospital stay. These findings underscore the importance of glycemic control in the management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. |
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| ISSN: | 2075-4418 |