Real-world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on COVID-19 patients with comorbidities

Introduction: Patients with underlying diseases do not respond adequately to vaccines. Thus, continued research on the effects of vaccination in patients with comorbidities is crucial to evaluate the necessity of vaccination in this population. This study assessed the protective effects of inactiva...

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Main Authors: Hao Zhang, Hua-Fang Yan, Wu-Jun Xiong, Li-Li Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 2024-09-01
Series:Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Online Access:https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18128
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author Hao Zhang
Hua-Fang Yan
Wu-Jun Xiong
Li-Li Gao
author_facet Hao Zhang
Hua-Fang Yan
Wu-Jun Xiong
Li-Li Gao
author_sort Hao Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Patients with underlying diseases do not respond adequately to vaccines. Thus, continued research on the effects of vaccination in patients with comorbidities is crucial to evaluate the necessity of vaccination in this population. This study assessed the protective effects of inactivated vaccines on the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with comorbidities. Methodology: A real-world retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 7, 2022, to June 6, 2022, at the Fudan University Pudong Medical Center. The collected data included demographic characteristics, symptoms, clinical severity, and outcomes of the COVID-19 patients. Results: A total of 3,996 indigenous confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections with the Omicron variant were enrolled. Of these, 1322 (33.1%) patients had chronic comorbidities. Compared to others, COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were older, had lower vaccination rates, longer days of nucleic acid conversion and hospitalization, and a higher incidence of severe-critical illness and composite endpoint. Multivariable analyses suggested that in the comorbidity group, two-dose- (odds ratio [OR] 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.60; OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08–0.51) and three-dose vaccinated patients (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14–0.47; OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.58) had a lower risk of aggravation and the composite endpoint; similar results were observed in the non-comorbidity group. Conclusion: Two or more doses of inactivated vaccines could prevent deterioration and poor prognosis in Omicron-infected patients, regardless of the presence of an underlying disease. Our findings support maximizing coverage with inactivated vaccines in highly vaccinated populations, such as those in China.
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spelling doaj-art-08a0525ffc5d40108b982acfbd353f0d2025-08-20T02:57:13ZengThe Journal of Infection in Developing CountriesJournal of Infection in Developing Countries1972-26802024-09-01180910.3855/jidc.18128Real-world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on COVID-19 patients with comorbiditiesHao Zhang0Hua-Fang Yan1Wu-Jun Xiong2Li-Li Gao3Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, ChinaDepartment of Health Examination, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China Center for Medical Research and Innovation, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Shanghai 201399, China Introduction: Patients with underlying diseases do not respond adequately to vaccines. Thus, continued research on the effects of vaccination in patients with comorbidities is crucial to evaluate the necessity of vaccination in this population. This study assessed the protective effects of inactivated vaccines on the severity and prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with comorbidities. Methodology: A real-world retrospective cohort study was conducted from April 7, 2022, to June 6, 2022, at the Fudan University Pudong Medical Center. The collected data included demographic characteristics, symptoms, clinical severity, and outcomes of the COVID-19 patients. Results: A total of 3,996 indigenous confirmed cases and asymptomatic infections with the Omicron variant were enrolled. Of these, 1322 (33.1%) patients had chronic comorbidities. Compared to others, COVID-19 patients with comorbidities were older, had lower vaccination rates, longer days of nucleic acid conversion and hospitalization, and a higher incidence of severe-critical illness and composite endpoint. Multivariable analyses suggested that in the comorbidity group, two-dose- (odds ratio [OR] 0.38, 95% CI 0.24–0.60; OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.08–0.51) and three-dose vaccinated patients (OR 0.26, 95% CI 0.14–0.47; OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.58) had a lower risk of aggravation and the composite endpoint; similar results were observed in the non-comorbidity group. Conclusion: Two or more doses of inactivated vaccines could prevent deterioration and poor prognosis in Omicron-infected patients, regardless of the presence of an underlying disease. Our findings support maximizing coverage with inactivated vaccines in highly vaccinated populations, such as those in China. https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18128COVID-19omicron variantvaccinationcomorbidityseverityprognosis
spellingShingle Hao Zhang
Hua-Fang Yan
Wu-Jun Xiong
Li-Li Gao
Real-world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on COVID-19 patients with comorbidities
Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
COVID-19
omicron variant
vaccination
comorbidity
severity
prognosis
title Real-world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on COVID-19 patients with comorbidities
title_full Real-world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on COVID-19 patients with comorbidities
title_fullStr Real-world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on COVID-19 patients with comorbidities
title_full_unstemmed Real-world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on COVID-19 patients with comorbidities
title_short Real-world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on COVID-19 patients with comorbidities
title_sort real world effectiveness of inactivated vaccine on covid 19 patients with comorbidities
topic COVID-19
omicron variant
vaccination
comorbidity
severity
prognosis
url https://jidc.org/index.php/journal/article/view/18128
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AT huafangyan realworldeffectivenessofinactivatedvaccineoncovid19patientswithcomorbidities
AT wujunxiong realworldeffectivenessofinactivatedvaccineoncovid19patientswithcomorbidities
AT liligao realworldeffectivenessofinactivatedvaccineoncovid19patientswithcomorbidities